47 - 53
作成:2016-09-06
更新:2017-03-10
To this declension belong all nouns having the genitive in -is; they are declined thus:─
  nāvis -is f., a ship.
singular
Nom. nāv-is a ship
Gen. nāv-is of a ship
Dat. nāv-i to a ship
Acc. nāv-em a ship
Abl. nāv-e by a ship
Voc. nāv-is ship!
plural
Nom. nāv-ēs ships
Gen. nāv-ium of ships
Dat. nāv-ibus to ships
Acc. nāv-ēs ships
Abl. nāv-ibus by ships
Voc. nāv-ēs ships!
 (1) Many nouns of this declension have an additional syllable in the genitive, and other oblique cases; these generally make the genitive plural in -um instead of -ium, thus:─
  sōl -is m., the sun.
  nātio -ōnis f., a nation.
  vulnus -eris n., a wound.
m. f. n.
singular
Nom. sōl nātio vulnus
Gen. sōl-is nātiōn-is vulner-is
Dat. sōl-i nātiōn-i vulner-i
Acc. sōl-em nātiōn-em vulnus
Abl. sōl-e nātiōn-e vulner-e
Voc. sōl nātio vulnus
plural
Nom. sōl-ēs nātiōn-ēs vulner-a
Gen. sōl-um nātiōn-um vulner-um
Dat. sōl-ibus nātiōn-ibus vulner-ibus
Acc. sōl-ēs nātiōn-ēs vulner-a
Abl. sōl-ibus nātiōn-ibus vulner-ibus
Voc. sōl-ēs nātiōn-ēs vulner-a
 (2) All nouns that increase in the genitive do not make -um in the genitive plural, nor do all those that do not increase make -ium; the nouns that have -ium are:─
 (a) Nouns ending in -er, -es, and -is, that do not increase in the genitive singular, as:─
  imber m., rain, gen. sing, imbris; gen. plu. imbrium.
  nūbēs m., a cloud, gen. sing, nūbis; gen. plu, nūbium.
  tussis f., a cough, gen. sing, tussis; gen. plu. tussium.
Except the following:─
  canis -is c., a dog.
  vātēs -is c., a prophet.
  volucris -is f., a bird.
  juvenis -is c., a youth.
  pānis -is m., bread.
These, and a few others, have -um in the genitive plural, as canis, gen. sing. canis, gen. plu. canum. The noun apis -is f., a bee, has either -ium or -um.
 (b) Neuters in -e, -al, and -ar, as:─
  rēte n., a net, gen. sing, rētis, gen. plu. rētium.
  animal n., an animal, gen. sing, animālis, gen. plu. animālium.
  calcar n., a spur, gen. sing, calcāris, gen. plu. calcārium.
 (c) Nouns ending in two consonants, including those in -ens, of two or more syllables, as:─
  urbs -bis f., a city, gen. plu. urbium.
  stirps -pis c., a root, gen. plu. stirpium.
  cohors -ortis f., a brigade, gen. plu. cohortium.
  cliens -entis c., a client, gen. plu. clientium.
but parens -entis c., a parent, makes parentum.
 (d) Monosyllables in -as, as vās -is n., a vessel, and likewise the following:─
  dōs dōtis f., a dowry.
  cōs cōtis f., a whetstone.
  cor cordis n., the heart.
  glīs glīris m., a dormouse.
  nix nivis f., snow.
  nox noctis f., night.
  vīs vīs f., strength.
  mūs mūris m., a mouse.
  līs lītis f., strife.
  caro carnis f., flesh.
  ūter -tris m., a bottle.
  ōs ōris m., the mouth.
  Quīris -ītis m., a Roman citizen.
  Samnīs -ītis m., a Samnite.
  linter -tris f., a wherry.
  lar laris m., the fire-side.
  faux faucis f., the jaw.
and a few others.
The nouns fraus fraudis f., fraud, and laus laudis f., praise, have either -um or -ium. A few polysyllabic nouns in -as likewise admit of either -um or -ium, as cīvitas -ātis f., a state, gen. plu. cīvitātum, or cīvitātium.
 (3) Some nouns that make -ium in the genitive plural, may either have -es or -eis in the accusative; thus, pars partis f., part, party, or side, has gen. plu. partium, and acc. plu. partes or parteis.
 (4) A number of nouns in -is have -im instead of -em in the accusative singular, and -i instead of -e in the ablative; these are declined thus:─
  tussis -is f., a cough.
singular
Nom. tuss-is
Gen. tuss-is
Dat. tuss-i
Acc. tuss-im
Abl. tuss-i
Voc. tuss-is
plural
Nom. tuss-ēs
Gen. tuss-ium
Dat. tuss-ibus
Acc. tuss-ēs
Abl. tuss-ibus
Voc. tuss-ēs
 (a) The following are declined like tussis, that is, they have -im. in the accusative, and -i in the ablative singular:─
  sitis -is f., thirst.
  amussis -is f., a mason's rule.
  rāvis -is f., hoarseness.
  būris -is m., a plough-handle.
  memphītis -is f., faul air.
  vīs vīs f., strength.
  sināpis -is f., mustard.
Also the names of cities, rivers, and deities. The noun cucumis -is m., a cucumber, is also declined like tussis, but makes the acc. cucumin.
 (b) The following have either -em or -im in the accusative, and -e or -i in the ablative, but most commonly -im and -i:─
  febris -is f., a fever.
  pelvis -is f., a basin.
  puppis -is f., a ship's poop.
  turris -is f., a tower or turret.
 (c) The following have accusative -em or -im, ablative -e or -i, but most commonly -em and -e:─
  aquālis -is m., a ewer.
  clāvis -is f., a key.
  nāvis -is f., a ship.
  messis -is f., harvest, or a crop.
  restis -is f., a rope.
  sēmentis -is f., sowing.
 (d) The following have accusative -em or -im, ablative -i:─
  secūris -is f., an axe.
  strigilis -is f., a scraper.
 (e) The following have the accusative in -em and the ablative in -i:─
  Aprilis -is m., April.
  aedilis -is m., an edile.
 (f) The following have the accusative in -em, the ablative in -e or -i:─
  amnis -is m./f., a river.
  anguis -is c., a snake.
  avis -is f., a bird.
  cīvis -is c., a citizen.
  classis -is f., a fleet.
  fustis -is m., a club.
  ignis -is m., fire.
  orbis -is m., a globe.
 (5) The noun vesper -eris m., evening, makes ablative vespere or vesperi; rūs rūris m., the country, makes ablative rūre or rūri; lens -entis f., a lentil, has either -em or -im in the accusative, and makes -e or -im in the ablative; bos bovis c., an ox or cow, has boum for bovium, in the genitive plural, and bōbus or būbus in the dative and ablative.
 (6) Neuter nouns in -e, -al, -ar, have -i in the ablative singular, -ia in the nominative, and -ium (see Rem.(2)) in the genitive plural, thus:─
  mare -is n., the sea.
  animal -ālis n., an animal.
  calcar -āris n., a spur.
singular
Nom. mare animal calcar
Gen. mar-is animāl-is calcār-is
Dat. mar-i animāl-i calcār-i
Acc. mare animal calcar
Abl. mar-i animāl-i calcār-i
Voc. mare animal calcar
plural
Nom. mar-ia animāl-ia calcār-ia
Gen. mar-ium animāl-ium calcār-ium
Dat. mar-ibus animāl-ibus calcār-ibus
Acc. mar-ia animāl-ia calcār-ia
Abl. mar-ibus animāl-ibus calcār-ibus
Voc. mar-ia animāl-ia calcār-ia
But the following have -e in the ablative singular:─
  jubar -aris n., a sun-beam.
  hepar -atis n., the liver.
  fār farris n., bread-corn.
  pār paris n., a pair.
  nectar -aris n., the drink of the gods.
The noun sāl salis m., salt, which is sometimes used as a neuter noun, has also -e.
 (7) Greek nouns that have the genitive in -is or -os, belong to the third declension, and are declined thus:─
 (a) Masculines and feminines increasing in genitive.
  hēros -ois m., a hero.
  lampas -ados f., a lamp.
  Achillēs -is/-eos m., Achilles.
singular
Nom. hēros lampas Achillēs
Gen. hērō-is lampad-os Achill-is, -eos
Dat. hērō-i lampad-i Achill-i, -ei
Acc. hērō-a lampad-a Achill-em, -ea
Abl. hērō-e lampad-e Achill-e, -ee
Voc. hēros lampas Achill-e*
plural
Nom. hērō-es lampad-es
Gen. hērō-um lampad-um
Dat. hērō--isi, ibus lampad-ibus
Acc. hērō-as, -ēs lampad-as
Abl. hērō--isi, ibus lampad-ibus
Voc. hērō-es lampad-es
 * Proper names always drop the -s in the vocative, as Pallas Palantis f., Minerva, voc. Palla; Orpheus Orpheos m., the son of Apollo, voc. Orplieu.
 † Greek nouns in -ma have more frequently -is than -ibus in the dat. and abl. plu., as poēma -atis n., a poem, dat, and abl. plu. poēmatis.
 (b) Masculines and feminines in -is and -ys:─
  poesis -ios/-eos f., poetry.
  chelys -os f., a harp.
Nom. poēs-is chel-ys
Gen. poēs-ios, -eos chel-yos
Dat. poēs-i, -ei chel-yi
Acc. poēs-in chel-yn
Abl. poēs-i, -ei chel-ye, -y
Voc. poēs-i chel-y
 (c) The Greek terminations are mostly used by the poets only, but the following three nouns have generally the Greek form of the accusative singular in prose:─
  Pān Pānos m., Pan.
  aether -is m., other.
  aēr aeris m., air.
Nom. Pān aether aēr, aer
Gen. Pān-os aether-is aer-is
Dat. Pān-i aether-i aer-i
Acc. Pān-a aether-a aer-a
Abl. Pān-e aether-e aer-e
Voc. Pān aether aēr, aer
What nouns belong to the third declension?
What nouns have generally -um in the genitive plural?
Do all nouns that increase in the genitive singular make -um in the genitive plural? (Rem.(2).)
What nouns have the genitive plural in -ium? (Rem.(2).)
What nouns have -im instead of -em in the accusative singular?
What nouns have -i instead of -e, in the ablative singular?
Decline the noun bos, an ox (Rem.(5).)
What is the nominative plural of the neuter noun sedīle, gen. sedīlis, a seat? (Rem.(6).)
What Greek nouns belong to the third declension? (Rem.(7).)
 imāgo -ginis f., a resemblance, representation or portrait.
 cacūmen -minis n., the top or summit.
 liberātor -ōris n., a deliverer.
 consultor -ōris m., a lawyer's client, also a counsellor.
 pastor -ōris m., a shepherd.
 vēnātor -ōris m., hunter or sportsman.
 venter -tris m., the belly.
 integritas -ātis f., soundness, integrity.
 fertilitas -ātis f., fertility.
 laudātio -ōnis f., approval.
 cliens -entis c., a dependent.
 fraudātor -ōris m., a cheat or rogue.
 Syrtis -is f., two quicksands on the African coast.
 Syrtēs -ium f., two quicksands on the African coast.
 sphinx -gis/-gos f., a sphinx.
 Hiero -ōnis m., a king of Sicily.
 ops, gen. opis, acc. opem, abl. ope, nom. plu. opēs f., power.
 opēs -um, dat. -ibus f. pl. of ops, power, strength, riches, wealth.
 precis -ci -cem -ce pl. precēs -um -ibus f. def., a suit or prayer.
 pecus -oris n., sheep, cattle, a flock (see also Rem.(3) Lesson 48).
 thema -atis n., a theme or exercise.
 latro -ōnis m., a cut-throat.
 draco -ōnis m., a serpent.
 calor -ōris m., heat.
 Somnus imago est mortis.
  Sleep is the semblance of death.
 Rex urbi pater est, urbique maritus.
  The king is a father and husband to the state.
 Homo homini1 lupus aut deus.
  A man to a man is either a wolf or a god.
 Cincinnatus liberator consulis Romaeque erat.
  Cincinnatus was the liberator of a consul and of Rome.
 Quid sunt animi hominum?
  What are the souls of men?
 Magister artis venter est.
  The belly is a master of arts.
 Jus hominum est incertum.
  The law of men is uncertain.
 Juno Jovis conjux erat.
  Juno was the spouse of Jove.
 Integritate vitae Cato magnus erat.
  Cato was great by the integrity of his life.
 Non omnis mulier morosa et jurgiosa est.
  Every woman is not surly and quarrelsome.
 Merces laborum periculorumque laus et gloria.
  Praise and glory are the reward of toils and dangers.
 Patrum gloria et auctoritas plerumque pestis sunt liberorum.
  The authority and renown of fathers are generally the ruin of children.
 Judicum severitas plerumque utilior est quam lenitas.
  Severity in judges is generally more beneficial than lenity.
 Numen divinum fons est bonitatis.
  The divine deity is the fountain of goodness.
 Magna fuit quondam reverentia capitibus canum.
  Great in times past was the reverence for dogs' heads.
 Parentes non amare impietas est.
  Not to love one's parents is an impiety.
 Filius patris bonus monumentum est optimum virtutis.
  A good son is the best monument of his father's greatness.
 Me nihil aeque ac naturae opera delectat.
  Nothing delights me so much as the works of nature.
 Firmissimum praesidium homini Dei providentia.
  The strongest fortress to a man is God's providence.
 Ratione et consilio hominum animi, non vi armorum reguntur.2
  The minds of men are governed by reason and advice, and not by force of arms.
 Malum consilium consultori saepe est pessimum.
  Bad advice to a client is often very bad.
 Non incola montis, non ego sum pastor!
  Not an inhabitant of the mountain, not a shepherd am I!
 Quis amicior quam frater fratri?
  Who more friendly than a brother to a brother?
 Opes sunt irritamenta malorum.
  Riches are incitements of evils.
 Cupiditates animi sunt morbi.
  Desires are diseases of the mind.
 Major est animi voluptas quam corporis.
  The enjoyment of the mind is greater than that of the body.
 Tenera grata pecori3 est herba.
  Tender grass is pleasing to cattle.
 Hominum generi cultura agrorum est salutaris.
  The cultivation of the fields is beneficial to the human race.
 (1) When two forms of the same word occur in the same sentence, they are usually placed together (see also Rem.(1) Lesson 12).
 (2) Hominum animi reguntur, the minds of men are governed. For equivalent of reguntur and other passive forms of the Latin verb, see Lesson 66, 67, and 78.
 (3) Grata pecori est, is pleasing to cattle. The noun pecus usually signifies a flock of sheep, but is sometimes used in speaking of a single sheep, and in plu. of sheep or cattle generally.
 vitis -is f., a vine.
 unguis -is m., a nail of the finger or toe, also a claw or talon; transversus unguis, a nail's breadth.
 praedo -ōnis m., a robber.
 effūsio -ōnis f., extravagance.
 hiems -emis f., winter.
 calamitas -ātis f., calamity, misfortune.
 successor -ōris m., a successor.
 aequor -ōris n., any level surface, the sea.
 assentātor -ōris m., a flatterer.
 marmor -oris n., marble.
 arātor -ōris m., a ploughman.
 senātor -ōris m., a senator.
 lacūnar -āris n., an arched ceiling or roof.
 Arabs -is m., an Arab.
 Babylon -ōnis f., an ancient city of Assyria, built by Semiratnis.
 Anacharsis -idis m., a learned Scythian prince, contemporary with Solon.
 Phaethon -ontis m., the son of Phoebus and Clymene.
 comes -mitis c., a concomitant.
 caedēs -is f., slaughter.
 aenigma -atis n., a riddle.
 index -icis c., a discoverer, index, mark, or hint.
 frūgēs -um f.pl., fruit or fruits.
 īlex -licis f., an oak, but properly the scarlet oak only.
 arx arcis f., a peak or ridge, also a fort, tower, or citadel.
A grove of fir-trees.
  Nemus abietum.
A destruction to vines.
  Pestis vitibus.
The high walls of Carthage.
  Carthaginis alta moenia.
A public execution of robbers.
  Supplicium praedonum.
The delight of parents.
  Parentum gaudium.
The bodies and souls of men.
  Corpora et animi hominum.
Darius is the name of a king of the Persians.
  Darius nomen est Persarum regis.
Romulus and Numa are names of Roman kings.
  Romulus et Numa nomina sunt Romanorum regum.
A portion of the winter was mild.
  Pars hiemis fuit temperata.
The sun is a vast globe of light.
  Lucis globus sol est immensus.
Calamity is the opportunity of virtue.
  Calamitas virtutis occasio est.
Envy is a concomitant of virtue.
  Invidia virtuti comes.
Sleep is very similar to death.
  Morti simillimus est somnus.
The severity of a father is often useful.
  Patris severitas saepe utilis est.
The lenity of mothers is sometimes pernicious.
  Matrum lenitas interdum est noxia.
The glory of Hannibal's name was great everywhere.
  Hannibalis nominis ubique gloria erat magna.
Romulus, though a king, was not a king's son.
  Romulus quamquam rex, regis non fuit filius.
The successors of the kings of Rome were consuls.
  Consules successores erant Romae regum.
Cicero was an imitator of Demosthenes.
  Demosthenis imitator fuit Cicero.
That great orator was consul, that is, the highest ruler of the state.
  Magnus ille orator fuit consul, id est, summus civitatis rector.
The recollection of toils and pleasures is pleasing to man.
  Laborum voluptatumque memoria jucunda est homini.
The earth is clothed with flowers, herbs, trees, and fruits.
  Terra floribus, herbis, arboribus, frugibus vestita est.
Cicero rescued Rome from flames, the citizens from slaughter, and Italy from war.
  Cicero Romam incendiis, caede cives, Italiam bello liberavit.
Xerxes was1 vanquished more by the advice of Themistocles, than by the arms of Greece.
  Victus est Xerxes magis consilio Themistoclis, quam armis Graeciae.
 (1) Xerxes was vanquished, victus est Xerxes. (See Rem.(3) Lesson 34.)
 Megarensēs -ium m.pl., the Megarians.
 Salamis -īnis f., an island on the Greek coast.
 Sīdon -ōnis f., the ancient capital of Phoenicia.
 Lacedaemon -onis f., Sparta, the capital of Laconia.
 Colchis -idis f., a country of Asia, forming part of the coast of the Black Sea.
 Tībur -is n., Tivoli, a small Italian town, much frequented by the Romans.
 piscis -is m., a fish.
 mortālis -is c., a mortal.
 sesquipēs -pedis m., a foot and a half.
 expugnātio -ōnis f., a siege or assault.
 iter itineris n., a road, route, or highway.
 sīdus -eris n., a star; in plu., heaven.
 supellex -lectillis f., household stuff.
 honestas -ātis f., dignity, probity.
 rapācitas -ātis f., extortion, rapacity.
 percussor -ōris m., one who strikes, an assassin.
 piscātor -ōris m., a fisherman.
 Salvātor -ōris m., our Saviour.
 auctor -ōris c., an adviser or counsellor, also a father.
 cespes -itis m., sod, or turf.
 adolescens -tis c., a young man or woman, a youth.
 consuētūdo -dinis f., custom, habit, usage, intercourse.
 libīdo -dinis f., desire, sensuality.
 Īlias -adis f., the Iliad, a poem by Homer.
 Laus merces virtutis.
  Praise is the reward of excellence.
 Mirabilis instinctus animalium.
  The instinct of animals is marvellous.
 Formosa est messibus Aestas.
  Summer is beautiful with harvests.
 Hominum felicitas plerumque est brevis.
  The happiness of man is generally brief.
 Gravissimum est imperium consuetudinis.
  The power of habit is considerable.
 Pater est fessus aegritudine.
  My father is wearied with grief.
 Honestatis amicus, amicus est Dei.
  The friend of probity is the friend of God.
 Codrus rex ultimus fuit Atheniensis.
  Codrus was the last Athenian king.
 Alcibiades et mari et terra imperator summus fuit.
  Alcibiades was an eminent commander both by sea and land.
 Socrates praeceptor erat juvenum.
  Socrates was a teacher of youth.
 Vita Socratis erat sanctissima.
  The life of Socrates was very holy.
 Socratis patientia erat permagna.
  The patience of Socrates was very great.
 Socratis animus semper lenis et serenus erat.
  The mind of Socrates was always calm and serene.
 Socratis conjux erat Xantippe, quae mulier morosissima fuisse dicitur.
  The wife of Socrates was Xantippe, who is said to have been a very surly woman.
 Cicero saepe consul fuit, id est, summa civitatis auctoritas.
  Cicero was often consul, that is, the highest authority in the state.
 Nomen Ciceronis percussoris Popilius est.
  The name of the assassin of Cicero is Popilius.
 Ciceronis filius non aeque magnus fuit ac pater.
  The son of Cicero was not so great as his father.
 An piscatorem piscis amare potest?
  Can a fish love a fisherman?
 Summa pars corporis est caput hominis.
  The head is the highest part of the human body.
 Frater tuus sesquipede est quam tu longior.
  Your brother is taller than you by a foot and a half.
 Nunc ubique fures sunt et latrones.
  There are now thieves and robbers everywhere.
 Societatis vinculum ubique est ratio et oratio.
  The bond of society is everywhere reason and speech.
 Romani olim erant domini orbis terrarum.
  The Romans were at one time masters of the world.
 Hierosolyma longe clarissima urbs erat orientis.
  Jerusalem was by far the most notable city of the East.
 Xenophon clarus fuit militum dux,2 philosophus et historicus.
  Xenophon was an illustrious military leader, philosopher and historian.
 Insignis fuit idem annus et expugnatione Athenarum, et morte Darii regis Persarum, et exilio Dionysii Siciliae tyranni.
  One and the same year was distinguished by the siege of Athens, the death of Darius, king of the Persians; and, by the exile of Dionysius, the tyrant of Sicily.
 (1) Hominum felicitas, the happiness of men, i.e., of man. In speaking of mankind generally, the plural is commonly used in Latin, and the singular in English.
 (2) Militum dux, a leader of soldiers, a military leader, a general. (See also Rem.(2) Lesson 43.)
 Hystaspēs -is m., an illusirious Persian.
 Dēmocharēs -ētis m., nephew of Demosthenes.
 Scīpio -ōnis m., the name of several members of a noble Roman family.
 Aristotelēs -is m., Aristotle, the most eminent of the Greek philosopher.
 necessitas -ātis f., fate, or necessity.
 posteritas -ātis f., posterity.
 facilitas -ātis f., easiness, facility, courtesy.
 Macedo -ōnis m., a Macedonian.
 defensor -ōris m., a defender, or protector.
 accusātor -ōris m., an accuser, or plaintiff.
 hortātor -ōris m., an adviser.
 ardor -ōris m., heat.
 perspicuitas -ātis f., clearness, perspicuity.
 improbitas -ātis f., baseness, dishonesty.
 voluntas -ātis f., the will, intention, inclination, affection.
 ars artis f., power, quality, virtue, art.
 cognitio -ōnis f., knowledge, cognizance.
 consōlātio -ōnis f., comfort, consolation.
 largitio -ōnis f., bounty, prodigality.
 multitūdo -dinis f., a crowd, multitudo.
 opus operis n., workmanship.
 pectus -oris n., the chest, or breast.
 ovis -is c., a sheep.
 ultio -ōnis f., revenge.
The right hand of Jove.
  Dextra Jovis.
The severity of parents is sometimes beneficial.
  Parentum severitas interdum est salutaris.
Life is daily nearer death.
  Vita morti propior est quotidie.
Necessity is the mother of the arts.
  Mater artium necessitas.
Honour is the reward of virtue.
  Honos praemium virtutis.
Men are the protectors of women.
  Mulierum viri sunt defensores.
The soul is the ruler of the body.
  Animus corporis est rector.
Exercise is sweet to manliness.
  Exercitatio dulcis est virtuti.
Money is the ruin of youth.
  Pecunia est juvenum pestis.
Penelope was the wife of Ulysses.
  Penelope conjux erat Ulyssis.
Scipio was not the best of authors.
  Scipio auctorum non erat optimus.
Romulus and Remus were brothers.
  Romulus et Remus fratres erant.
Philip was king of the Macedonians.
  Philippus rex fuit Macedonum.
Demochares was an ambassador of the Athenians.
  Demochares legatus fuit Atheniensium.
The power of the dictator was brief.
  Dictatoris potestas erat brevis.
Simple food is the most useful to man.
  Homini cibus simplex est utilissimus.
The dog is the most faithful of animals.
  Canis animal est fidelissimum.
The cultivation of the land is a source of health.
  Agri cultura fons salutis.
That water is part of the sea.
  Aqua illa pars est maris.
The feathers of the ostrich are an ornament of women.
  Pennae struthiocameli mulierum sunt ornamentum.
The cunning of thieves is often very great.
  Permagna saepe furum est astutia.
Perspicuity is the highest quality of speech.
  Orationis summa virtus est perspicuitas.
Poverty and disgrace are concomitants of luxury.
  Paupertas et ignominia comites sunt luxuriae.
Where there are defendants, there there are plaintiffs.
  Ubi sunt defensores, ibi sunt accusatores.
Children! be the joy and pride of your parents.
  Liberi, deliciae gaudiumque parentum estote!
 Autophradātēs -is m., a viceroy under Artaxerxes.
 Heliopolis -is f., a city on the confines of Egypt and Arabia.
 vītuperātio -ōnis f., finding fault, blame, abuse.
 possessio -ōnis f., a possession.
 lēgio -ōnis f., a legion, a regiment.
 remissio -ōnis f., a breaking off, or interruption.
 possessor -ōris m., an owner.
 viātor -ōris m., a traveller, or passenger.
 rector -ōris m., a ruler, or potentate.
 condītor -ōris m., a builder, or founder.
 ordo -dinis m., management.
 lūmen -minis m., light, also the eye.
 carmen -minis n., a verse, poem, or song.
 sēmen -minis n., seed.
 mōs mōris m., manner, custom, habit.
 ōs -ōris n., the mouth, also the face.
 hūmor -ōris m., dampness.
 crīnis -is m., the hair.
 sānitas -ātis f., health.
 haeres -ēdis c., an heir, ox heiress.
 virtus -ūtis f., gallantry, merit.
 mūnus -eris n., a gift, or blessing.
 custos -ōdis c., a keeper, guardian, or guard.
 opifex -icis c., a workman, or workwoman.
 Virtus non potest vi labefactari.
  Virtue cannot be shaken by violence.
 Hominum animi perire non possunt.
  The souls of men cannot perish.
 Pueri discere debent, docere praeceptores.
  Boys ought to learn, teachers to teach.
 Qui docere nolunt, non possunt esse praeceptores.
  These who do not desire to teach, cannot be teachers.
 Pueri quam senes melius discere possunt.
  Boys can learn more easily than old men.
 Dum faciles animi, debent discere juvenes.
  Whilst the minds of youth are pliant, they ought to learn.
 Quis voluptatibus inquinatior fuit quam Catilina?
  Who was more defiled by pleasures than Catilina?
 Dolor acerrimus virtuti adversarius esse videtur.
  Grief seems to be a bitter opponent to virtue.
 Ubi non est cura juris, instabile est regnum.
  Where there is no respect for the law, the kingdom is unsafe.
 Maria et flumina ubique terrarum vincula sunt.
  Seas and rivers are everywhere the bonds of the land.
 Saepe amor odiumque sunt laudis et vituperationis causae.
  Love and hate are often causes of praise and blame.
 Vicinus vir est superior ordine, sed inferior fortuna.
  My neighbour is superior in management, but inferior in fortune.
 Deus ubique est, sed homines non possunt esse ubique.
  God is everywhere, but man cannot be everywhere.
 Statuae et imagines non animorum simulacra sunt, sed corporum hominum.
  Statues and portraits are not representations of the minds, but of the bodies of men.
 Atheniensibus leges instituit Solon, Spartanis Lycurgus.
  Solon established laws for the Athenians, Lycurgus for the Spartans.
 Suavitas sermonum et morum haudquaquam mediocre amicitiae condimentum.
  Urbanity in conversation and manners is by no means a slight element of friendship.
 Tullus Hostilius non solum proximo regi dissimilis, sed ferocior etiam quam Romulus fuit.
  Tullus Hoslilius was not only dissimilar to the next king, but he was even more ferocious than Romulus.
 Hic ubi nunc Roma est, orbis caput, olim arbor et casa rara fuit.
  Here where Rome, the capital of the world, now is, there was a solitary tree and scarce a hut.
 Crine ruber, niger ore, brevis pede,1 lumine laesus,2 pulcher es, Zoile, si bonus es.
  Red in hair, black in face, short of foot, with a black eye, you are a beauty, Zoilus, if you are good.
 (1) Brevis pede, short of foot.
 (2) Lumine laesus, wounded in the eye, i.e., having a black eye.
 tortor -ōris m., a tormentor.
 interfector -ōris m., a murderer.
 aedēs -ium f.pl., a house.
 firmitas -ātis f., firmness.
 sēcūritas -ātis f., security.
 obscūritas -ātis f., obscurity.
 pietas -ātis f., filial love, dutiful conduct.
 tempestas -ātis f., a tempest, the weather.
 affīnitas -ātis f., relationship by marriage, affinity.
 crūditas -ātis f., indigestion.
 compedis (gen.f.), a fetter, or chain. This noun is defective; the gen. compedis and the abl. compede are the only singular forms found in use.
 Tethys -yos/-yis f., the wife of Oceanus.
 Phoenices -um m.pl., the Phoenicians.
 Pīraeeus -eos f., the Piraeus.
 Aristogīto -onis m., an Athenian citizen.
 intermissio -ōnis f., intermission.
 simulātio -ōnis f., pretence.
 dubitātio -ōnis f., doubting, or doubt.
 commendātio -ōnis f., recommendation.
 oblectātio -ōnis f., contentment.
 gens gentis f., a nation, or race.
 genus generis n., sort, kind, race, or family.
 captivitas -ātis f., captivity.
Gnats are tormentors of cattle.
  Culices tortores sunt boum.
The beauty of Tethys was remarkable.
  Forma Tethyos erat mirabilis.
The Phoenicians were at one time sailors.
  Phoenices olim nautae fuerunt.
The site of the Piraeus is very wholesome.
  Positio Piraeeos saluberrima est.
Walls are defences of cities.
  Moenia urbium sunt tutelae.
The seas are dwelling places of fish.1
  Maria sunt domicilia piscium.
Do you see the river Hypanis?
  Videsne Hypanim fluvium?
I admire the grandeur of the house.
  Miror magnificentiam aedium.
Is your father rich in flocks?
  Dives estne pater tuus pecoribus?
Who was more defiled by baseness than Catilina?
  Quis improbitate fuit inquinatior quam Catilina?
There never was a man more just than Socrates.
  Nunquam fuit homo quam Socrates justior.
Rome was at one time the capital of the world.
  Roma olim erat caput orbis terrarum.
The wealth of parents is very often the ruin of children.
  Divitiae parentum saepius liberorum sunt pestis.
Your father is by far the richest of the merchants.
  Pater mercatorum longe tuus est ditissimus.
The temple of Ceres was very magnificent and very beautiful.
  Templum Cereris pulcherrimum erat et magnificentissimum.
The love of the people is the desire of good kings.
  Amor populi votum honorum est regum.
The strength of youth is greater than that of old men.
  Firmitas juvenum major est quam senum.
The light of the sun is more brilliant than that of the moon.
  Quam lunae lux solis splendidior est.
The life of man is shorter than that of some animals.
  Hominum vita brevior est quam nonnullorum animalium.
The murderers of Hipparchus were Harmodius and Aristogito, Athenian citizens.
  Hipparchi interfectores fuerunt Harmodius et Aristogito, cives Athenienses.
Too much security is the beginning of misfortune.
  Nimia securitas initium est calamitatis.
That author is a man superior in theory, but inferior in perspicuity.
  Auctor ille vir est doctrina superior, sed perspicuitate inferior.
 (1) The noun fish, used in this sense, is put in the plural.