33 - 39
作成:2016-08-23
更新:2016-10-14
There are five declensions of the nouns; these are distinguished by the genitive case ending thus:─
  First declension, genitive ─ ae.
  Second declension, genitive ─ i.
  Third declension, genitive ─ is.
  Fourth declension, genitive ─ us.
  Fifth declension, genitive ─ ei.
All nouns ending in -a that have the genitive in -ae, belong to the First declension, and take the case terminations of mensa, thus:─
  ōra -ae f., a shore.
singular
Nom. ōr-a a shore
Gen. ōr-ae of a shore
Dat. ōr-ae to a shore
Acc. ōr-am a shore
Abl. ōr-ā by a shore
Voc. ōr-a shore!
plural
Nom. ōr-ae shores
Gen. ōr-ārum of shores
Dat. ōr-īs to shores
Acc. ōr-ās shores
Abl. ōr-īs by shores
Voc. ōr-ae shores!
The dative case expresses for as well as to. The ablative case besides by stands for with, on, in, at, from, through, and for, in some of its meanings, is rendered by the ablative instead of the dative.
 (1) There are a great many Greek words used in Latin, and these when declinable often retain their original forms; thus, Greek nouns in -as, -es, and -e, are usually classed with Latin nouns of the first declension, but they assume, in the singular, the following forms:─
  Aenēās -ae m., Aeneas.
  comētēs -ae m., a comet, κομήτης.
  Hermione -ēs f., Hermione.
Nom. Aenē-ās comēt-ēs Hermion-ē
Gen. Aenē-ae comēt-ae Hermion-ēs
Dat. Aenē-ae comēt-ae Hermion-ae
Acc. Aenē-ān, am comēt-ēn Hermion-ēn
Abl. Aenē-ā comēt-ē, ā Hermion-ē
Voc. Aenē-ā comēt-ē, ā Hermion-ē
Some Greek nouns have both the original and the Latin terminations; thus, the noun comet may be also rendered by the Latin form comēta -ae m., which is regularly declined like ora. (See Rem.(1) Lesson 38.)
 (2) Patronymics in -des, as Pēlīdēs, the son of Peleus, i.e. Achilles, are of Greek origin, and are consequently declined like comētēs.
 (3) Some Greek nouns end in -a as well as in -as and -es; these, however, are regularly declined, but generally have -an instead of -am, in the acc. singular; thus Iphigenia -ae f., makes acc. sing. Iphigenian.
 (4) Nouns of the first declension as regards gender, are masculine, feminine, or common, in accordance with the general rule, as poeta -ae m., a poet; domina -ae f., a lady; scurra c.g., a buffoon; but the names of inanimate objects are nearly all feminine, as stella -ae f., a star. A few, however, are masculine, as planeta -ae, a planet, and one Pascha -ae, the Passover, is neuter. Greek nouns in -as and -es are masculine, as Boreas -ae, the north wind, and those in -e feminine, as epitome -ēs f., an abridgement.
 (5) The older Roman writers made the genitive of the first declension end in -ai, and sometimes in -as; thus, of the nom. aula -ae f., a hall, they made the genitive aulai; of the nom. aura -ae f., a breeze, they made the genitive aurai, or auras. The form in -ai is sometimes found in the latter poets, as dives pictai vestis et aurai, rich in embroidered garments and gold. The noun familia, or familias, generally retains the genitive in -as, when it is joined either to pater or māter, as paterfamtlias, gen. patrisfamilias.
 (6) Several nouns of the first declension have -ābus instead of -is, in the dative and ablative plural, to distinguish them in these cases from their masculines. Of these the following are the most common:─
 anima -ae f., the soul.
 asina -ae f., a she ass.
 dea -ae f., a goddess.
 domina -ae f., a mistress.
 equa -ae f., a mare.
 famula -ae f., a maid servant.
 serva -ae f., a female slave.
 filia -ae f., a daughter.
 līberta -ae f., a freed-woman.
 mūla -ae f., a she mule.
 nāta -ae f., a daughter.
 socia -ae f., an associate.
It follows from, this rule, that the ablative plural of dea is written deābus, not deis, which is the dative and ablative plural of deus.
What is the genitive case ending of nouns of the first declension?
Decline the noun penna, a pen.
What is the Latin for of a table?
What is the English of puella?
What part of speech is aquārum?
What English prepositions are expressed in Latin by the ablative case?
What is the Latin for in battle?
What are the terminations of the Greek nouns belonging to the first declension?
Decline the noun Xantippe -ēs f.
Of what gender are nouns of the first declension?
What nouns make the dative and ablative plural in -ābus?
 statua -ae f.,1 a statue.
 mūsa -ae f., a song or poem; but properly, a Muse.
 reverentia -ae f., regard, respect, reverence.
 glōria -ae f., renown, fame, glory.
 sylva, silva -ae f., a wood or forest.
 fācundia -ae f., eloquence.
 mīlitia -ae f., warfare, militia, or soldiery.
 licentia -ae f., licence, liberty, freedom,
 patria -ae f., a state, country or native place.
 Persia -ae f., Persia.
 Persa -ae m., a Persian.
 Persae -arum pl., the Persians.
 Arcadia -ae f., a district of Greece.
 Etrūria -ae f., an ancient kingdom of Italy, now Tuscany.
 Thrācia -ae f., Thrace.
 Thrāce -ēs f., Thrace.
 Thūle -ēs f., the Island of Orkney.
 Phoenīcia -ae f., a country of Asia.
 Phoenīce -ēs f., a country of Asia.
 Hippias -ae m., a philosopher of Elis.
 Chabrias -ae m., an Athenian general.
 Pausanias -ae m., a Spartan general.
 Porsena, Porsenna -ae m., a king of Etruria.
 Aenēās -ae m., a prince of Etruria.
 Anchīsēs -ae m., the father of Aeneas.
 Galilaea -ae f., Galilee.
 Statuae Musarum poetarumque coronae.
  The statues of the muses and the crowns of the poets.
 Etruriae rex2 fuit Porsena.
  Porsena was king of Tuscany.
 Persarum rex fuit Darius.
  Darius was king of the Persians.
 Reverentiae comes est amor.
  Love is the companion of respect.
 Historiae pater est Herodotus.
  Herodotus is the father of history.
 Hebrus est amnis Thraciae.
  The Hebrus is a river of Thrace.
 Vita non contentus sum.
  I am not satisfied with life.
 Juventae ludus est dulcis.
  Play is charming to youth.
 Pan Arcadiae deus est.
  Pan is the god of Arcadia.
 Neptunus aquarum est numen.
  Neptune is the deity of the waters.
 Dux in pugna mortuus est.3
  The general died in battle.
 Amicitia frater sum tuus.
  I am your brother by friendship.
 Fortuna tibi inferior sum.
  I am inferior to you in fortune.
 Pisistratus erat Hippiae pater.
  Pisistratus was the father of Hippias.
 Socrates erat Xantippes conjux.
  Socrates was the husband of Xantippe.
 Chabriae gloria fuit magna.
  The renown of Chabrias was great.
 Alexander gloria erat praestans.
  Alexander was pre-eminent in glory.
 Asinus natura tardior est.
  The ass by nature is rather slow.
 Non est hoc satis pecuniae.
  This is not enough of money.
 Sylvis olim fuit locuples Britannia.
  Britain was formerly rich in forests.
 Grata puellae epistola fuit tua.
  Your letter was agreeable to the girl.
 Albertus princeps reginae consors est.
  Prince Albert is the queen's husband.
 Pausaniae mater mulier erat dura.
  The mother of Pausanias was a harsh woman.
 Thule terrae extremus erat limes.
  Orkney was the furthest limit of the earth.
 Patientia acerrimus irae adversarius esse videtur.
  Endurance seems to be a bitter antagonist to anger.
 Carior gloriae quam patriae erat Cicero.
  Cicero was dearer to fame than to his country.
 Quis tetrior hostis Romae quam Catilina?
  What more mischievous enemy to Rome than Catilina?
 Ascanius fuit Aeneae filius, Anchisae nepos.
  Ascanius was the son of Aeneas, and grandson of Anchises.
 Nullus Thebanus Epaminondae par erat facundia.
  No Theban was equal to Epaminondas in eloquence.
 Popilius piger est, et tu quoque, Acerra.
  Popilius is lazy, and you too, Acerra.
 Phoenicia vel Phoenice erat Asiae opulens magnaque natio.
  Phoenicia or Phoenice was a large and opulent city of Asia.
 (1) Statua properly means a standing image of iron, wood, or stone; simulacrum, any kind of figure, whether statue of stone or a shadow. Signum literally imports a sign, but stands for a statue, in much the same way as a wooden figure is sometimes used as a sign by the moderns.
 (2) Etruriae rex, king of Etruria. An oblique case is often elegantly placed before the noun by which it is governed, as Britanniārum rēgīna, the queen of the British islands. The genitive is generally so placed when emphatic, unless some other rule requires a different arrangement.
 (3) Dux mortuus est, the general died. The auxiliary est here forms, with the participle mortuus, the third person singular, perfect indicative active of the deponent verb mori, to die. (See Rem.(3) Lesson 11.) This tense of deponent verbs is declined, like the corresponding tense of the passive voice, thus:─
 Singular.
  1st per. loquūtus sum, I spoke or have spoken.
  2nd per. loquūtus es, thou spokest or hast spoken.
  3rd per. loquūtus est, he spoke or has spoken.
 Plural.
  1st per. loquūti sumus, we spoke or have spoken.
  2nd per. loquūti estis, you spoke or have spoken.
  3rd per. loquūti sunt, they spoke or have spoken.
It will be observed, that here the passive forms have an active signification, whilst the same forms of an active verb have the passive signification, thus:─
 Singlar.
  1st per. victus sum, I was or have been vanquished.
  2nd per. victus es, thou wast or hast been vanquished.
  3rd per. victus est, he was or has been vanquished.
 Plural.
  1st per. victi sumus, we were or have been vanqtiished.
  2nd per. victi estis, you were or have been vanquished.
  3rd per. victi sunt, they were or have been vanquished.
When a form of the verb to be is accompanied by the past participle passive of another verb, the two words together generally belong either to the perfect passive of an active verb, or to the perfect active of a deponent, and will have to be rendered accordingly. (See Rem.(2) Lesson 80, and Rem.(1) Lesson 85.)
 Pēnelopē -ēs f., the wife of Ulysses.
 Mandane -ēs f., the mother of Cyrus.
 Itālia -ae f.. Italy.
 Campānia -ae f., a district of Naples.
 Massilia -ae f., Marseilles.
 Gallia -ae f., Gaul or France.
 Pieria -ae f., a district of Macedonia.
 hydra -ae f., a water serpent.
 rāna -ae f., a frog or toad.
 praeda -ae f., prey, spoil.
 arēna -ae f., sand; also hot or burning sand.
 cicōnia -ae f., a stork.
 luxuria -ae f., luxury.
 concordia -ae f., concord, amity.
 discordia -ae f., discord.
 invidia -ae f., envy, hatred.
 herba -ae f., an herb, or plant, also grass.
 lacerta -ae f., a lizard.
 terra -ae f., land, a country, field, estate, or territory.
 tabula -ae f., a board, or plank; also a picture.
 stultitia -ae f., folly.
 jactūra -ae f., loss, or damage.
 tūtēla -ae f., guardianship, a defence.
The head of the water serpent.
  Hydrae caput.
The huts of the peasants, and the defences of the country.
  Agricolarum tabernae, patriaeque tutelae.
Ceres is the name of a goddess.
  Ceres deae nomen est.
Frogs are the prey of storks.
  Ranae praeda sunt ciconiarum.
The diligence of the girl is praiseworthy.
  Puellae diligentia est laudanda.
Penelope was a chaste woman.
  Mulier Penelope fuit casta.
Cicero was the parent of eloquence.
  Facundiae parens fuit Cicero.
Philosophy is the science of life.
  Ars vitae est philosophia.
The number of the stars is fixed.
  Stellarum numerus est certus.
Dionysius was a tyrant of Sicily.
  Dionysius Siciliae tyrannus fuit.
A vestal virgin was a priestess of Vesta.
  Virgo vestalis erat Vestae sacerdos.
Cyrus was the first king of Persia.
  Cyrus Persae primus fuit rex.
Poverty is the companion of luxury.
  Paupertas est luxuriae comes.
The Campania is the most beautiful region of Italy.
  Pulcherrima Italiae regio est Campania.
Love and affection are a source of concord.
  Amor et caritas fons sunt concordiae.
Avarice and envy are the source of discord.
  Avaritia et invidia discordiae sunt causae.
Prudence is not always a sign of wisdom.
  Prudentia non semper sapientiae est signum.
Popilius was not the worst of poets.
  Popilius non pessimus erat poetarum.
Massilia was an ancient town of Gaul.
  Massilia antiquum Galliae fuit oppidum.
Pieria was the parent and home of the Muses.
  Musarum parens domusque Pieria fuit.
My country seat abounds in plants.
  Villa mea abundat herbis.
The best remedy for anger is delay.
  Optimum irae remedium dilatio est.
The king was not satisfied with Epaminondas.
  Epaminonda rex non erat contentus.
The husband of Mandane is said to have been a remarkably prudent man.
  Mandanes conjux vir prudentissimus fuisse dicitur.
 dēliciae -ārum1 f.pl., delight, joy, pride.
 dīvitiae -ārum f.pl., wealth, riches.
 inimīcitiae -ārum f.pl., anger.
 līterae -ārum f.pl., a letter, also learning, letters, or literature.
 Thēbae -ārum2 f.pl., Thebes.
 Thermopylae -ārum f.pl., a mountain pass in Greece.
 Athēnae -ārum f.pl., Athens.
 Boeotia -ae f., a country of Greece.
 Numidia -ae f., a country on the northern coast of Africa.
 Pyladēs -ae m., the son of Strophius, king of Phocis.
 Seneca -ae m., a Roman orator.
 laetitia -ae f., joy, gladness.
 aurōra -ae f., dawn, daybreak.
 continentia -ae f., self-denial, forbearance.
 āla -ae f., a wing.
 bestia -ae f., a beast or brute.
 flamma -ae f., a flame.
 cauda -ae f., a tail.
 māteria -ae f., matter, material.
 praetūra -ae f., the praetorship or chief magistracy, also generally a command.
 alga -ae f., sea-weed.
 sēta -ae f., a bristle or hair.
 fāma -ae f., rumour, report, tidings, news.
 rēgula -ae f., a rule.
 Aurora Musis3 amica.
  Aurora is a friend to the Muses.
 Hic tutissimus semper eris.
  You will always be safest here.
 Res nocentissima est calumnia.
  Calumny is a most hurtful thing.
 Homo miserrimus est avarus.
  The miser is a most wretched man.
 Paupertas conditio est miserrima.
  Poverty is a most wretched condition.
 Bellum perniciosissimum est civile.
  Civil war is most pernicious.
 Abundat pectus laetitia meum.
  My breast abounds in gladness.
 Struthiocamelus facile fuga fessus est.
  The ostrich is easily fatigued with flight.
 Rex erat ira, pallidus.
  The king was pale with anger.
 Cicero Romam Catilina liberavit.
  Cicero rescued Rome from Catilina.
 Croesus divitiis magnus fuit.
  Croesus was great in wealth.
 Inimicitiarum fons ira est.
  Anger is a source of enmities.
 Continentia non minima est virtus.
  Self-denial is not an insignificant virtue.
 Aedificium proximum domus est mea.
  The nearest building is my house.
 Titus patriae deliciae fuisse dicitur.
  Titus is said to have been the pride of his country.
 Haec saluberrima villae positio est.
  This is a most healthy site for a villa.
 Alcibiades terra summus fuit imperator.
  Alcibiades was a consummate commander by land.
 Patriae salus summa lex est.
  The safety of the state is our first duty.
 Victoria Thermopylarum non expectata erat.
  The victory of Thermopylae was not expected.
 Res magna scientia, veritas autem maxima.
  Knowledge is a great thing, but truth is the greatest.
 Dolor Aeneae maximus et aeternus est.
  The grief of Aeneas is both mighty and eternal.
 Orbis terrarum4 semper fuit, semperque eadem erit.
  The globe has always been, and always will be, the same.
 Suavitas haudquaquam mediocre condimentum amicitiae est.
  Politeness is by no means a slight element of friendship.
 Non vitiosus homo Catilina, sed vitium.
  Catilina was not a vicious man, but vice itself.
 Literae ac facundia veluti templum Athenas5 habuerunt.
  Learning and eloquence had Athens as it were for a temple.
 Magnum reginae nomen nos obumbrat et protegit.
  The great name of the queen overshadows and protects us.
 Divitiarum et formae gloria fluxa atque fragilis est.
  The glory of wealth and beauty is fleeting and frail.
 Thebae quod Boeotiae caput est, urbs magna olim fuit.
  Thebes, which is the capital of Boeotia, was at one time a large city.
 Nihil tam est vitiosum, quam id quod semper idem est.
  Nothing is so faulty as that which is always the same.
 (1) Some nouns have no singular number, and others have a different signification in the plural from what they have in the singular. These nouns are regularly declined like ora, but only in the plural number.
 (2) Many names of places and towns are only used in the plural number.
 (3) Musis amica, a friend to the Muses. The Latin idiom admits of both "a friend of and a friend to any one"; but, in such locutions as that in the text, the dative is the most common.
 (4) Orbis terrarum, the globe, earth, or world. The compound noun orbis terrarum (globe of lands), is only used in speaking of the earth physically, that is, as made up of countries, and nations, and seas; under other circumstances, terra, tellus, or mundus, is the proper equivalent.
 (5) Veluti templum Athenas habuerunt, had Athens as it were for a temple. Active verbs govern an accusative case. In the text Athenas is in the accusative, because under government of the active verb habuerunt; and generally, the accusative is placed, as in this example, after the verb, Athens had (not had Athens). (See Rem.(2) Lesson 34.)
 aquila -ae f., an eagle.
 agricultūra -ae f., agriculture.
 bestiola -ae f., a little animal, a small creature.
 tenebrae -arum f.pl., darkness.
 grammatice -es f., grammar.
 constantia -ae f., constancy, perseverance.
 Pythagoras -ae m., a Greek philosopher.
 Graecia -ae f., Greece.
 Enna -ae f., a town in Sicily.
 Hispānia -ae f., Spain.
 Jūdaea -ae f., Judea, the whole country of Palestine, but properly only that part inhabited by the tribes of Juda and Benjamin.
 Capua -ae f., a city of Naples.
 Cantabrigia -ae f., Cambridge.
 Genēva -ae f., a city of the Allobroyes.
 Zama -ae f., a small town in Numidia.
 Palmyra -ae f., a city in the deserts of Arabia.
 Minerva -ae f., the goddess of wisdom.
 Sylvia -ae f., a Roman surname, Rhea Sylvia, the daughter of Numitor, king of the Albans.
 Albula -ae f., a tributary of the river Tiber, and also a name sometimes given to the Tiber itself.
 Asia -ae f., Asia.
 Africa -ae f., Africa.
Cicero was unfriendly to Catilina.
  Cicero Catilinae inimicus erat.
The Emperor Augustus was a friend to the poets.
  Augustus imperator amicus erat poetis.
Literature is a most noble pursuit.
  Literae summum sunt studium.
The study of grammar is difficult.
  Grammatices studium est difficile.
Aeneas was the son of Anchises.
  Aeneas filius erat Anchisae.
The father of Epaminondas was honest, but poor.
  Pater Epaminondae honestus fuit, sed pauper.
Is this enough of water?
  Estne hoc satis aquae?
I am not satisfied with Rhea.
  Rhea non contentus sum.
Am I not by friendship your brother?
  Frater non sum amicitia tuus?
Discord is a cause of enmity.
  Discordia est inimicitiarum causa.
Cyrus the younger was pre-eminent in agriculture.
  Cyrus minor praestans erat agricultura.
The husbandman is not always contented with fortune.
  Agricola non semper fortuna contentus est.
No city in Greece was more renowned than Athens.
  Urbs Graeciae nulla celebrior fuit quam Athenae.
The temple of Syracuse was formerly very spacious and beautiful.
  Syracusarum templum olim peramplum erat et pulchrum.
Zaleucus was the servant, pupil, and friend of Pythagoras.
  Zaleucus fuit servus, et amicus, et discipulus Pythagorae.
Verres, the Roman lieutenant-general, is said to have been a cruel and heartless man.
  Verres legatus Romanus homo iniquus crudelisque dicitur fuisse.
Every tyrant is not cruel and heartless.
  Non omnia tyrannus crudelis est et iniquus.
A tyrant is not always so bad as he is said to be.
  Tyrannus non semper tam est malus ut esse dicitur.
Perhaps, therefore, Verres was not so bad as he is said to have been.
  Fortasse igitur Verres non tam vituperandus fuit, quam fuisse dicitur.
If Verres were as bad as he is said to have been, he was indeed an atrocious and abominable man.
  Si Verres tam malus esset, quam fuisse dicitur, homo quidem atrox erat et nefarius.
 Helene1 -ēs f., Helen, the daughter of Jupiter and Leda, and wife of Menelaus.
 Helena -ae f., Helen, the daughter of Jupiter and Leda, and wife of Menelaus.
 Diāna -ae f., the daughter of Jupiter and Latona.
 Sylla -ae f., a Roman noble.
 Lydia -ae f., an inland country of Asia Minor.
 Corcyra -ae f., Corfu, an island of the Ionian sea.
 modestia -ae f., calmness, moderation, modesty.
 machina -ae f., a machine.
 rota -ae f., a wheel.
 tristitia -ae f., sadness.
 nōverca -ae f., a step-mother.
 parra -ae f., an unlucky bird, a jay.
 opera -ae f., work, labour, affair; also means.
 musca -ae f., the house-fly.
 pluvia -ae f., rain.
 unda -ae f., a surge or wave.
 avāritia -ae f., avarice.
 figūra -ae f., form, shape.
 sīmia -ae f., an ape.
 industria -ae f., diligence, industry.
 cōpia -ae f., plenty, abundance.
 nauta -ae m., a mariner or seaman.
 nāvita -ae m., a mariner or seaman.
 Perutile tibi estne hoc opus?
  Is this work very useful to you?
 Utra est avis, quae ciconia dicitur?
  Which of the two is the bird that is called a stork?
 Modestia juventa sapientiae est signum.
  Modesty in youth is a sign of wisdom.
 Sal utile ac sanum est condimentum.
  Salt is a useful and wholesome condiment.
 Poeta non semper vir est pius.
  A poet is not always a godly man.
 Utinam omnis homo vir pius esset!
  Would that every man were pious!
 Alter poeta gravis est, alter vero hilaris.
  One poet is grave, and another gay.
 Tyrannis tetra est, si saeva et nequam.
  Tyranny is hideous, if cruel and wicked.
 Et brevitas et2 novitas nunquam est molesta.
  Brevity, like novelty, is never tiresome.
 Longa, si grata, melius est dies quam brevis.
  A long day, if agreeable, is better than a short (one).
 Amplum saepe gratius est tabernaculum, quam domus angusta.
  A spacious tent is often better than a narrow house.
 Liberalitas tam magna ut justitia non esse debet.
  Liberality ought not to be so great as justice.
 Auctoritas plerumque est grata, sed non semper expetenda.
  Authority is generally agreeable, but not always desirable.
 Acerbus hostis adversarius esse potest, homo tamen honestus,
  An enemy may be a bitter opponent, and yet an honest man.
 Tempus plerumque est breve, quando coelum est serenum.
  Time is generally short, when the weather is fine.
 Quamquam causa inepta esse potest, acris saepe contentio est.
  Although the cause may be trifling, the strife is often bitter.
 Non omne scriptum est utile, nec omnis auctor celeber.
  Every writing is not useful, nor is every author famous.
 Omnis serpens non est vilis, nec omne animal immane.
  Every reptile is not worthless, nor is every animal fierce.
 Quam hyacinthus nullus flos nec magis compositus3, nec magis elegans.
  No flower is less obtrusive or more elegant than the hyacinth.
 Quod munus frater mihi dedit, non solum est pretiosum, sed.etiam pulcherrimum.
  The present that my brother gave me is not only valuable, but also very beautiful.
 (1) The Greek noun Helene has also tho Latin form Helena which is regularly declined. (Sec Rem.(1) Lesson 33.)
 (2) Et brevitas et novitas, brevity as well as novelty. The conj.et ... et admits sometimes of being rendered by like; thus the sentence quoted from the text may be rendered by "brevity like novelty."
 (3) Magis compositus, more demure.
 Melite -ēs f., Malta.
 Melita -ae f., Malta.
 Proserpine -ēs f., the daughter of Jupiter and Ceres.
 Alexandrīa -ae f., a city of Egypt.
 Macedonia -ae f., a country between Thrace, Epirus, and Greece.
 Numa -ae m., a Latin praenom, also the name of a Roman king.
 penna -ae f., a feather, also a pen.
 casa -ae f., a hut or cottage.
 doctrīna -ae f., doctrine, theory, learning.
 astūtia -ae f., cunning, craftiness.
 barba -ae f., a beard.
 cūra -ae f., care.
 grātia -ae f., grace, good-will.
 esca -ae f., bait, food.
 victōria -ae f., victory.
 prōvidentia -ae f., foresight, providence.
 īncola -ae c., an inhabitant.
 cultūra -ae f., tillage, culture, cultivation.
 memoria -ae f., recollection, memory.
 ignōminia -ae f., disgrace.
 magnificentia -ae f., grandeur.
 Lecca -ae f., a Latin proper name.
Spring is generally a delicious season.
  Ver plerumque temperies est dulcis.
Reason is sometimes right, sometimes false.
  Ratio interdum recta est, interdum mendax.
Every head of a family is not always wise and prudent.
  Omnis paterfamilias non semper sapiens est ac prudens.
Do you like this country?1
  Grata tibi estne haec terra?
The justice of Mandane was not so great as her prudence.
  Mandanes justitia non erat tam magna quam prudentia.
Were I not an orator, I should be a poet.
  Nisi essem orator, essem poeta.
The garden wall should not be so high as the house.
  Maceria tam alta quam domus, non esse debet.
Every song is not sweet, nor every Muse sublime.
  Non omnis cantus dulcis est, nec omnis musa sublimis.
Marcus Curius was an illustrious Roman, and an honest citizen.
  Marcus Curius illustris erat Romanus civisque probus.
A highwayman is a thief, but every thief is not a highwayman.
  Latro est fur, omnis autem fur non est latro.
Though the body is diseased, the mind may be sound.
  Quamquam corpus aegrotus est, animus potest esse sanus.
Every mind is said to be diseased, but that is uncertain.
  Aegrotus omnis animus esse dicitur, id autem incertum est.
No mind is healthy that is not humane, a cruel mind therefore is diseased.
  Animus nullus, qui non est humanus, sanus est; animus igitur crudelis est aegrotus.
Every king is not a tyrant, neither is every tyrant a king.
  Non omnis rex tyrannus est, nec omnis tyrannus rex.
If Dionysius had not been a tyrant, he would have been a very good king.
  Si Dionysius non fuisset tyrannus, rex optimus fuisset.
Alexander was a consummate commander, but he was not a just and merciful man.
  Alexander summus erat imperator, vir autem justus clemensque non erat.
Every man who can write is not an author, nor is every man who can speak an orator.
  Non omnis homo, qui scribere potest auctor est, nec omnis homo, qui dicere potest, orator.
  Non~しない(not)|non modo(solum)...sed etiam (= not only... but also) omnis[m/f単主/呼/属|複対]|[n単属]すべての homo[c単主/呼]人/人間, quiなぜ?/どのように?(2)[m複主]誰/何(who /whose /whom /what /which)|誰/何か(any /anyone /anything |some /someone /something)(3)[m単主]~する人|[m複主]~する人(4)[m単/複主]どの/どのような(which /what /what kind of) scribere[2単/直/受/現在|未来]書く(2)[不/能/現在]書く(3)[2単/命/受/現在]書く potest[3単/直/能/現在](possum)できる auctor[c単主/呼]推進/促進者/旗振り役/興行主/プロモーター/生産/製造者/プロデューサー/創始/先駆者/祖先/親/作者/著者/歴史家 est[3単/直/能/現在](sum)である, necそして~ない|nec...nec (=neither...nor) omnis[m/f単主/呼/属|複対]|[n単属]すべての homo[c単主/呼]人/人間, quiなぜ?/どのように?(2)[m複主]誰/何(who /whose /whom /what /which)|誰/何か(any /anyone /anything |some /someone /something)(3)[m単主]~する人|[m複主]~する人(4)[m単/複主]どの/どのような(which /what /what kind of) dicere[2単/直/受/現在|未来]話す/言う(2)[不/能/現在]話す/言う(3)[2単/命/受/現在]話す/言う(4)[2単/接/受/現在]捧げる/崇める/割り当てる potest[3単/直/能/現在](possum)できる, orator[m単主/呼]弁論家/雄弁家/演説者/弁士/話者/講演者|使節/交渉人(2)[2/3単/命/受/未来]請う/頼む/祈る/懇願する/話す/論ずる.
 (1) The locution "do you like" will be best rendered by "is (the person or object) agreeable to you;" and so the English verb like may be expressed in Latin through all its moods and tenses, by the corresponding forms of the verb sum (I am) in conjunction with the adjective, gratus (agreeable).