68 - 74
作成:2016-09-20
更新:2017-03-20
The adjectives may be divided into three declensions, according as they are of one or more terminations, thus:─
  First declension. Adjectives of three terminations.
  Second declension. Adjectives of two terminations.
  Third declension. Adjectives of one termmation.
To this declension belong all adjectives that have a form for each of the three genders. Of these the masculine form is declined like nouns in -us of the second declension, the feminine like nouns in -a of the first declension, and the neuter like nouns in -um of the second declension, thus:─
  magnus -a -um, great.
Mas. Fem. Neut.
Singular.
Nom. magn-us magn-a magn-um
Gen. magn-i magn-ae magn-i
Dat. magn-o magn-ae magn-o
Acc. magn-um magn-am magn-um
Abl. magn-o magn-a magn-o
Voc. magn-e magn-a magn-um
Plural.
Nom. magn-i magn-ae magn-a
Gen. magn-ōrum magn-ārum magn-ōrum
Dat. magn-is magn-is magn-is
Acc. magn-os magn-as magn-a
Abl. magn-is magn-is magn-is
Voc. magn-i magn-ae magn-a
 (1) Adjectives of the first declension in -er, generally throw out the e in the oblique forms, thus:─
  piger -gra -grum, lazy.
Mas. Fem. Neut.
Singular.
Nom. piger pigr-a pigr-um
Gen. pigr-i pigr-ae pigr-i
Dat. pigr-o pigr-ae pigr-o
Acc. pigr-um pigr-am pigr-um
Abl. pigr-o pigr-a pigr-o
Voc. piger pigr-a pigr-um
Plural.
Nom. pigr-i pigr-ae pigr-a
Gen. pigr-ōrum pigr-ārum pigr-ōrum
Dat. pigr-is pigr-is pigr-is
Acc. pigr-os pigr-as pigr-a
Abl. pigr-is pigr-is pigr-is
Voc. pigr-i pigr-ae pigr-a
The following, however, retain the e:─
  tener -era -erum, tender, or young;
  lacer -era -erum, ragged;
  miser -era -erum, wretched;
  liber -era -erum, free;
  prosper -era -erum, prosperous;
  asper -era -erum, rough;
  gibber -era -erum, bunched;
  exter -era -erum, foreign;
and all compounds of fero and gero. The adjective dexter right, sometimes drops and sometimes retains the e. Those retaining the e are declined thus:─
Mas. Fem. Neut.
Singular.
Nom. tener tener-a tener-um
Gen. tener-i tener-ae tener-i
Dat. tener-o tener-ae tener-o
Acc. tener-um tener-am tener-um
Abl. tener-o tener-a tener-o
Voc. tener tener-a tener-um
Plural.
Nom. tener-i tener-ae tener-a
Gen. tener-ōrum tener-ārum tener-ōrum
Dat. tener-is tener-is tener-is
Acc. tener-os tener-as tener-a
Abl. tener-is tener-is tener-is
Voc. tener-i tener-ae tener-a
The eleven adjectives in -er, named in Lesson 107 of First Course, mostly drop the e in gen., as nom. acer, gen. acris; these, however, having properly only two terminations, belong to the second declension, and are declined like tristis.
 (2) The following adjectives are exceptions to the preceding rules:─
  ullus -a -um, any.
  nullus -a -um, none.
  tōtus -a -um, the whole.
  sōlus -a -um, alone.
  ūnus -a -um, one, the same.
  alius alia aliud, another.
  alter -era -erum, other.
  uter -tra -trum, which of the two.
  neuter -tra -trum, neither.
These make the genitive in -ius or -īus, and the dative in -i, thus:─
  tōtus -a -um, all, the whole.
Mas. Fem. Neut.
Singular.
Nom. tōt-us tōt-a tōt-um
Gen. tōt-ius, -īus tōt-ius, -īus tōt-ius, -īus
Dat. tōt-i tōt-i tōt-i
Acc. tōt-um tōt-am tōt-um
Abl. tōt-o tōt-a tōt-o
Voc. tōt-e tōt-a tōt-um
Plural.
Nom. tōt-i tōt-ae tōt-a
Gen. tōt-ōrum tōt-ārum tōt-ōrum
Dat. tōt-is tōt-is tōt-is
Acc. tōt-os tōt-as tōt-a
Abl. tōt-is tōt-is tōt-is
Voc. tōt-i tōt-ae tōt-a
In the same way are declined all the compounds of uter, such as:─
  alteruter -tra -trum,
   each, or both, the one and the other, the one or the other.
  uterque utrāque utrumque,
   both the one and the other.
  uterlibet utralibet utrumlibet,
   which you please.
Of these alteruter is sometimes written as two words, alter uter, is which case instead of alterutrius the genitive is alterius utrius. The penult of alter is always short, thus: alterius.
 (3) Ambo, both, and duo -ae -o, two, have only plural forms, and are declined thus:─
  ambo ambae ambo, both.
Mas. Fem. Neut.
Plural.
Nom. ambo amb-ae ambo
Gen. amb-ōrum amb-ārum amb-ōrum
Dat. amb-ōbus amb-ōbus amb-ōbus
Acc. amb-os amb-as ambo
Abl. amb-ōbus amb-ōbus amb-ōbus
Voc. ambo amb-ae ambo
What adjectives belong to the first declension?
How are adjectives of three terminations declined?
Decline the adjective multus, much.
What adjectives in -er retain the e?
Decline pulcher -chra -chrum, beautiful.
What adjectives have -ius in the genitive singular?
Decline the adjective ullus, a, um, any.
What adjectives of three terminations have only plural forms?
 barbarus -a -um, foreign, barbarous.
 avidus -a -um, greedy.
 multus -a -um, much, a number of; in plu. many, a great many, numerous.
 quassus -a -um, shattered.
 turgidus -a -um, swollen.
 Assyrius -a -um, Assyrian.
 tremulus -a -um, flickering.
 arātus -a -um, ploughed up.
 praeteritus -a -um, past, bygone.
 nimius -a -um, too much, over much, in plu. too, or over many.
 aerātus -a -um, covered with brass, bronze-cased.
 sēcūrus -a -um, secure.
 animōsus -a -um, confident.
 grātus -a -um, cheerful, cheering.
 occultus -a -um, dark.
 factus -a -um, made, done, executed.
 indecōrus -a -um, unseemly.
 perniciōsus -a -um, deadly, destructive, grievous, pernicious.
 argenteus -a -um, silvery.
 limpidus -a -um, transparent, limpid.
 patulus -a -um, open, wide spreading.
 ērectus -a -um, upright, ready, lively.
 quantus -a -um, as much.
 Argīvus -a -um, of, or belonging to Argos.
 Tollite barbarum1 morem.
  Away with the barbarous custom.
 Carmina nulla2 canam.
  I shall sing no songs.
 Multos3 castra juvant.
  The camp delights many.
 Avidum doma spiritum.
  Subdue a greedy spirit.
 Munera multa dedi.
  I have given many gifts.
 Optime patronorum!
  O best of patrons!
 Malorum opificum pessime!
  O worst of bad workmen!
 Saltibus obscurissimis leo latet.
  The lion lies hid in the darkest forests.
 Multos Socrates habuit discipulos.
  Socrates had a great many pupils.
 Veneti plurimas habuit naves.
  The Venetians had most ships.
 Incerta divitiae sunt possessio.
  Riches are an uncertain possession.
 Mercator reficit naves quassas.
  The merchant refits shattered ships.
 Aurum avidas mentes polluit.
  Gold pollutes greedy minds.
 Mare nauta vidit turgidum.
  The mariner has seen a swollen sea.
 Feriunt summos fulmina montes.
  Lightnings strike the tops of the mountains.
 Ninus fundavit Assyrium imperium.
  Ninus founded the Assyrian empire.
 Graecum imperium fundavit Alexander.
  Alexander founded the Greek empire.
 Numa nullum gessit bellum.
  Numa carried on no war.
 Terra malos homines educat.
  The earth rears bad men.
 Luna tremulum praebet lumen.
  The moon furnishes a flickering light.
 Quae sunt rara, sunt cara.
  Rare things are dear.
 Romulus Romanae conditor urbis erat.
  Romulus was the builder of the Roman city.
 Spes sulcis credit aratis semina.
  Hope trusts seed to ploughed-up furrows.
 Jucunda est memoria praeteritorum malorum.
  The recollection of bygone evils is pleasing.
 Nimiae remissiones odium studiorum pariunt.
  Too many interruptions breed detestation of study.
 Scandit aeratas vitiosa naves cura.
  Corroding care climbs brazen-beaked ships.
 Jam secura potes totis4 tussire diebus.
  Now secure, you may cough all day long.
 Lacedaemonii aliam classim parare possunt.
  The Lacedemonians can get ready another fleet.
 Formae non ullam fata dedere moram.
  The fates have given no delay to beauty.
 Res vitae non semper sunt secundae.
  The affairs of life are not always favourable.
 Praeclare res Romanas5 Titus Livius enarrat.
  Titus Livius very clearly relates the history of Rome.
 Rebus angustis animosus atque fortis appare.
  Appear bold and confident in narrow circumstances.
 Aegroto dum vita est, spes est.
  To the invalid whilst there is life there is hope.
 En, quo discordia cives perduxit miseros!
  See, where discord has led on wretched citizens!
 (1) Barbarum morem, the barbarous custom, or foreign fashion. We have already seen (Rem. Lesson 2, First Course,) that adjectives must agree with the noun they qualify in number and gender. They must also agree with the noun in case; thus, in the text, the accusative form of the adjective barbarus is used, to agree with morem, which is the accusative singular of the noun mos. (See also Rem.(1) Lesson 127, and Rem.(2) Lesson 128, First Course.)
 (2) Carmina nulla, no songs. The word nulla is the accusative plural neuter of the adjective nullus, agreeing with carmina, the acc. neut. plu. of carmen, and carmen is in the accusative, because governed by the active verb canere, to sing. (See Rem.(1) above.)
 (3) Multos, many persons. The adjective multus here agrees with the acc. plu. homines, men or persons understood. (See Rem.(1) Lesson 109, First Course.)
 (4) Totis diebus, through, or during whole days, i.e., all day long.
 (5) Res Romanas, Roman affairs, i.e., the history of Rome. (See Rem.(2) Lesson 43.)
 umbrosus -a -um, umbrageous.
 caeter -era -erum,1 other, the rest, the rest of.
 cēter -era -erum,1 other, the rest, the rest of.
 cēterus -a -um,1 other, the rest, the rest of.
 clarus -a -um, lucid, manifest, illustrious.
 fidus -a -um, true.
 mixtus -a -um, mixed.
 acceptus -a -um, acceptable.
 violentus -a -um, violent.
 Persicus -a -um, Persian.
 almus -a -um, nourishmg, holy, pure.
 mīrus -a -um, amazing.
 Libycus -a -um, of or belonging to Libya.
 Mare Libycum, the Mediterranean sea.
 solūtus -a -um, solved.
 dīvīsus -a -um, divided.
 vacuus -a -um, empty, vacant.
 pauci -ae -a pl., few.
 perpauci -ae -a pl., very few.
 Appius -a -um, of or belonging to Appius, Appian.
 mātūrus -a -um, ripe.
 equīnus -a -um, of or belonging to a horse.
 aptus -a -um. fit, fitted, adapted, suspended.
 quintus -a -um, fifth.
Good fathers.
  Patres boni.
Good mothers.
  Matres bonae.
Bad boys.
  Pueri mali.
Lofty tables.
  Mensae altae.
A pretty flower.
  Flos pulcher.
Pretty flowers.
  Flores pulchri.
A long neck.
  Collum longum.
Long necks.
  Colla longa.
A great soldier.
  Miles magnus.
Great soldiers.
  Milites magni.
A long bench.
  Scamnum longum.
Long benches.
  Scamna longa.
An exceedingly long bench.
  Scamnum longissimum.
Exceedingly long benches.
  Scamna longissima.
Other ambassadors.
  Alii legati.
Another time.
  Aliud tempus.
Few friends.
  Pauci amici.
Woods are umbrageous.
  Sylvae sunt umbrosae.
Lilies are white.2
  Lilia sunt candida.
The gardens are large.
  Horti sunt magni.
The sons are trustworthy.
  Honesti sunt filii.
The daughters are modest.
  Modestae sunt filiae.
The books are good.
  Boni sunt libri.
A great many servants.
  Multi servi.
A number of men.
  Multi homines.
Crows are black birds.
  Corvi aves sunt nigrae.
Happy tyrants are rare.
  Beati rari sunt tyranni.
Enemies are rarely just.
  Inimici raro sunt justi.
True friendships are enduring.
  Verae amicitiae sunt diuturnae.
The rest of Greece.
  Caetera Graecia.
The rest of the men.
  Caeteri homines.
An immoral life is wretched.
  Vita improba est misera.
Parents are the best advisers.
  Parentes optimi sunt hortatores.
Poor men are often happy.
  Homines pauperes saepe sunt beati.
Bad men are always miserable.
  Mali semper miseri sunt homines.
Upright men are acceptable to God.
  Homines Deo accepti sunt probi.
Most holy of priests!
  Sanctissime sacerdotum!
The violent death of Cicero.
  Mors Ciceronis violenta.
A man of many years.
  Homo multorum annorum.
The author of a good book.
  Boni libri auctor.
The authors of good books.
  Bonorum librorum auctores.
The recollection of a bygone evil.
  Praeteriti mali memoria.
The recollection of bygone evils.
  Praeteritorum malorum memoria.
The Romans were a warlike people.
  Romani populus fuerunt bellicosus.
Romulus founded the Roman empire.
  Imperium Romanum Romulus fundavit.
Cyrus founded the Persian empire.
  Cyrus imperium Persicum fundavit.
 (1) Of the three forms of the adjective caeter the first is the most common.
 (2) In speaking of flowers or animals, white may be rendered either by albus or candidus, but the last is the most usual.
 varius -a -um, diverse, various, variable.
 obnoxius -a -um, opposed, unfavourable.
 aequus -a -um, equal, level, unruffled, tranquil.
 ingenius -a -um, free-born, frank, natural, liberal, cultivated.
 honestus -a -um, commendable.
 ventōsus -a -um, windy, inconstant.
 alii -ae -a (pl. of alius), some, others.
 cadūcus -a -um, transient.
 tantus -a -um, so much as ... that, so great ... that, so many ... that.
 quantus -a -um, so much as ... that, so great ... that, so many ... that.
 rēs adversae f.pl., adversity.
 rēs secundae f.pl., prosperity.
 exiguus -a -um, little, pitiful, ignoble.
 minūtus -a -um, diminished, small.
 validus -a -um, valid, strong, powerful, imposing.
 vērus -a -um, real.
 imperītus -a -um, unskilled.
 nōminātus -a -um, called.
 dīctus -a -um, called.
 fictus -a -um, fictitious, false.
 simulātus -a -um, affected, a guised.
 voluntārius -a -um, voluntary.
 status -a -um, set, fixed.
 Fortuna hominis variis vicissitudinibus obnoxia est.
  The lot of man is exposed to various changes.
 Paucorum improbitas universis saepe calamitas est.
  The dishonesty of a few is often a calamity to the whole.
 Avaritia, fidem, probitatem ceterasque artes subvertit.
  Covetousness overthrows faith, probity, and the other virtues.
 Mora dat vires:1 mora teneras percoquit uvas.
  Delay gives strength: delay thoroughly ripens the tender grape.
 Aequo animo sapiens audit imperatorum convicia.
  The wise man listens to the hard words of emperors with a tranquil mind.
 An id facere non potes? ─ Nullo modo.2
  Can you not do that? ─ No, I cannot.
 Alienum aes3 homini ingenuo acerba est servitus.
  Debt to a cultivated mind is a bitter bondage.
 Justiora posterorum,4 quam nostrae aetatis, judicia erunt.
  The judgments of the next, will be more just than (those) of our age.
 Magnum dedit nunquam rebus fortuna secundis nomen.
  Fortune never gave a great name to prosperity.
 Humani generis figurae simia simillima est magna.
  The large ape is very similar to the form of the human race.
 Ferrum hominum generi5 magis necessarium est quam aurum.
  Iron is more necessary to the human race than gold.
 Hominum generi universo cultura agrorum est salutaris.
  The cultivation of the fields is beneficial to the whole human race.
 Laboris juventutis praemium plerumque tranquilla et honesta senectus.
  The reward of the labour of youth is generally a tranquil and upright old age.
 Titus imperator Romanus vir facilitatis eximiae fuit et liberalitatis.
  Titus the Roman Emperor was a man of unparalleled courtesy and generosity.
 At vos, inquit Aribazus ceteris legatis, "Atheniensibus nuntiare debetis."
  But you, says Aribazus to the rest of the ambassadors, ought to carry word to the Athenians.
 Studiis et literis res secundae ornantur, adversae adjuvantur.
  By study and letters prosperity is adorned and adversity softened.
 Minuti semper et infirmi est animi exiguique voluptas ultio.
  Revenge is the pleasure of a mind always small, infirm, and ignoble.
 Ubi falsi sunt accusatores, ibi boni homines sunt miseri.
  Where there are false accusers, there good men are wretched.
 Validior est decem virorum bonorum sententia, quam totius multitudinis imperitae.
  The opinion of ten good men has more weight than (that) of all the unlettered multitude.
 Fortuna probitatem, industriam, aliasque bonas artes, neque dare homini neque eripere potest.
  Fortune can neither give nor take away probity, industry and other good qualities from men.
 (1) Mora dat vires, delay gives forces, i.e., delay yields time to acquire strength.
 (2) Nullo modo, in no way; but, when used as a reply to a question ─ No, I cannot.
 (3) Alienum aes, see aes alienum, index to First Course.
 (4) Posterorum, of future ages. The gen. plu. of homo understood. (See Rem.(2) Lesson 69.)
 (5) Hominum generi, to the race of men, i.e., to the human race. In this example the locution "human race" is rendered by the "race of men," but in the preceding example the adjective humanus, human, is used with the noun as in English.
 bīni -ae -a pl., twofold, twice.
 duodēni -ae -a pl., twelve.
 Latīnus -a -um, Latin.
 dūrus -a -um, frugal.
 mundus -a -um, cleanly, pure.
 permagnus -a -um, very great.
 obsessus -a -um, besieged.
 datus -a -um, dated.
 perdiuturnus -a -um, continued.
 Marathōnius -a -um, of or belonging to Marathon.
 decōrus -a -um, seemly, honourable.
 bonus -a -um, honesty, useful.
 immodestus -a -um, unmannerly.
 precatus -a -um, having solicited.
 singulus -a -um, each, every, one by one; used in plural only.
 foedus -a -um, shameful, detestable.
 obscaenus -a -um, inauspicious, obscene.
 constitūtus -a -um, appointed.
 turbidus -a -um, muddy.
 parvus -a -um, trifling.
 nonnullus -a -um, some, a few.
 Olympius -a -um, belonging to Olympia, Olympian.
 ignārus -a -um, ignorant.
 egregius -a -um, excellent, noble.
A knowledge of Latin1 is most necessary.
  Cognitio linguae Latinae maxime est necessaria.
The wisest men may err.
  Sapientissimi possunt errare homines.
Many men are frugal but honest.
  Multi homines duri sunt sed probi.
Kings ought always to be just.
  Reges semper justi esse debent.
Blessed are the pure in heart.
  Beati sunt mundi corde.
Fools are mimics of bad manners.
  Malorum morum stulti sunt imitatores.
Anger and ambition are powerful passions.
  Potentissimi affectus sunt ira ac gloria.
The judgments of men are variable.
  Varia sunt hominum judicia.
The counsels of men are deceitful.
  Vana sunt hominum consilia.
The consuls are pious and upright men.
  Consules homines probi piique sunt.
Kings are not always just and humane.
  Justi et humani non semper sunt reges.
The walls are high but not strong.
  Muri sunt alti, sed non firmi.
The bonds of love are exceedingly strong.
  Vincula amoris firmissima sunt.
The recollection of bygone trials is sweet.
  Suavis est laborum praeteritorum memoria.
Soldiers are necessary when there is war.
  Milites necessarii sunt quando bellum est.
The tiger is more cruel than many other animals.
  Tigris crudelior est quam multa alia animalia.
The wealth of Croesus was very great.
  Permagnae fuerunt Croesi divitiae.
The riches of the Romans were excessive.
  Divitiae Romanorum immodicae fuerunt.
The Greeks were not satisfied with the result of the war.
  Graeci exitu belli non erant contenti.
The Phoenicians were formerly very skilful mariners.
  Phoenices olim nautae valde fuerunt periti.
The silly old woman is building a house2 at great expense.
  Magno sumptu aedes inepta aedificat anus.
The water of the Black Sea is cold.
  Aqua Maris Nigri est frigida.
The master of lazy servants is generally miserable.
  Pigrorum servorum dominus plerumque miser est.
Cincinnatus once rescued a besieged consul and army.
  Cincinnatus quondam consulem obsessum exercitumque liberavit.
The successors of Tarquin were the first consuls.
  Successores Tarquinii consules erant primi.
 (1) In this and similar sentences, say "the Latin language," not Latin alone.
 (2) House in this sense is best rendered by the plural of aedes.
 rectus -a -um, right, good.
 conclūsus -a -um, shut up.
 rigidus -a -um, rigid, hard.
 effectus -a -um, made, done.
 quartus -a -um, fourth.
 factūrus -a -um, about to do or make.
 inaccessus -a -um, inaccessible.
 parvulus -a -um, very small.
 propositus -a -um, promised.
 praecipuus -a -um, essential.
 positus -a -um, placed.
 dīversus -a -um, different, various.
 cītus -a -um, swift, speedy.
 epulātus -a -um, having feasted.
 ferus -a -um, wild, savage.
 ortus -a -um, arisen, sprung.
 vetulus -a -um, worn out.
 petītūrus -a -um, about to go.
 fraudulentus -a -um, crafty, deceitful.
 Pūnicus -a -um, Punic, or Carthaginian.
 remissus -a -um, lax, careless.
 libīdinōsus -a -um, dissipated.
 avārus -a -um, grasping.
 vīvus -a -um, alive.
 Quis quam parens amicior?
  Who more friendly than a parent?
 Quid quam invidia foedius?
  What is more detestable than envy?
 Locus nullus gratior est quam patria.
  No place is more pleasing than one's own country.
 Res nulla quam scientia est praestantior.
  No possession is better than knowledge.
 Nihil quam vera gloria est dulcius.
  Nothing is more desirable than true fame.
 Contentus sum, quod ita ingenium est meum.
  I am contented, for such is my disposition.
 Conscientia rectae voluntatis maxima est consolatio.
  The consciousness of a good intention is a very great consolation.
 Factum bonum, quam verbum grande difficilius est.
  A good deed is more difficult than a grand promise.
 Frater magnus est meus, tuus autem major.
  My brother is tall, but yours is taller.
 Pater tuus quam meus major natu est.
  Your father is greater by birth than mine.
 Studium, quod meus ingenium ita est, me solatur et consolatur.
  Study, for such is my disposition, comforts and consoles me.
 Nulla possessio major meliorve est quam corpus sanum.
  No blessing is greater or better than a healthy body.
 Et genus et virtus sola vilior quam alga est.
  Family and merit alone are more worthless than sea-weed.
 Hodie vinum non habemus multum, cras autem copia major erit.
  To-day we have not much wine, to-morrow the abundance will be greater.
 Parvi agri non sunt tam pretiosi quam magni, si magni aeque sunt boni ac parvi.
  Small estates are not so valuable as large ones, if the large are as good as the small ones.
 Magnorum Romanorum regum nomina Romulus et Remus sunt.
  The names of the great kings of Rome are Romulus and Remus.
 Quamquam Socrates vir erat probus piusque, tamen mors violenta fortuna erat ejus.
  Although Socrates was a pious and upright man, yet his fate was a violent death.
 Ciceronis mortis violentae causa inimicitia fuit sua Antonio.
  The cause of the violent death of Cicero was his enmity to Antony.
 Si populus Atheniensis non scelestus fuisset, Socrates salvus fuisset, populus autem valde vituperandus erat.
  If the Athenian people had not been wicked, Socrates would have been safe, but the people were very much to be blamed.
 effūsus -a -um, profuse.
 trīgēsimus -a -um, thirtieth.
 commodus -a -um, proportionate, convenient.
 dūrātus -a -um, hardened, hardy.
 luxuriōsus -a -um, luxurious.
 infestus -a -um, troublesome, destructive.
 oblātus -a -um, brought to, proffered or offered.
 infructuōsus -a -um, unproductive.
 inhūmānus -a -um, inhuman.
 suspectus -a -um, suspected, suspicious.
 prōnus -a -um, addicted.
 taciturnus -a -um, silent, reserved.
 nocturnus -a -um, appertaining to night, nocturnal.
 medius -a -um, middle, mid.
 calefactus -a -um, heated.
 Baeticus -a -um, of or belonging to Baetica.
 nōtus -a -um, remarkable.
 transversus -a -um, across, crosswise.
 indictus -a -um, declared, proclaimed, also unspoken, or unproclaimed.
 arctus -a -um, close, tight, binding.
 rēgius -a -um, regal.
The Persians were luxurious.
  Luxuriosi erant Persae.
The Scythians were hardy.
  Durati erant Scythiae.
Many girls are graceful.
  Multae venustae sunt puellae.
A number of men are happy.
  Multi homines sunt beati.
A deal of benches are long.
  Multa scamna sunt longa.
A great many tables are round.
  Multae mensae sunt rotundae.
Many transactions are dangerous.
  Periculosa multa sunt negotia.
Numerous books have been written.
  Multi libri sunt scripti.
Socrates was the teacher of numerous young men.
  Multorum Socrates praeceptor erat juvenum.
Money is the ruin of a number of boys.
  Multorum pecunia pestis est puerorum.
Cicero was the bold advocate of many clients.
  Multorum reorum Cicero defensor fuit audax.
Many authors of good books are obscure men.
  Librorum multi bonorum auctores homines sunt obscuri.
White horses are not so good as black ones.
  Equi candidi non aeque sunt boni ac nigri.
The sons of learned men are rarely learned.
  Virorum filii doctorum raro docti sunt.
Hope comforts one bound with a strong fetter.
  Spes valida solatur compede vinctum.
The bites of goats are exceedingly destructive to vines.
  Caprorum morsus vitibus sunt infestissimi.
The most tranquil rivers are often the deepest.
  Flumina tranquillissima saepe sunt altissima.
Romulus was the first king of the Romans.
  Romulus primus fuit Romanorum rex.
Horace is the most eminent of the Roman poets.
  Horatius Romanorum praeclarus est poetarum.
Helen was the cause of the Trojan wars.
  Bellorum Helene fuit causa Trojanorum.
Children, kinsmen, and intimate friends are always dear to us.
  Cari nobis liberi, propinqui et familiares semper sunt.
The fate of Tarquin the Proud was very deplorable.
  Fortuna Tarquinii Superbi valde misera erat.
The sons of the first consul were friends of Tarquin.
  Primi consulis filii amici erant Tarquinii.
Sons of celebrated men are not always illustrious.
  Hominum clarorum filii non semper sunt clari.
Many sons are not so well known as their parents.
  Multi filii non sunt aeque bene noti ac parentes.