11 - 20
作成:2016-04-05
更新:2016-10-06
 vita f., life.
 via f., a road, way, or path.
 locus m., a place.
 saltus m., a grove or forest.
 exemplum n., an example.
 bellum n., war.
Nouns or names of inanimate objects ending in a are mostly feminine, those ending in us masculine, and those ending in um neuter. (See Rem. Lesson 7)
Father or mather.
  Pater vel mater.
Example or precept.
  Exemplum aut praeceptum.
The brother and sister.
  Frater et soror.
Wine, water and bread.
  Vinum, aqua et panis.
A crafty boy and sly girl.
  Puer callidus et puella callida.
The war is unjust.
  Injustum est bellum.
An unjust war.
  Bellum injustum.
The bench is large, but the place is small.
  Scamnum est magnum, sed locus est parvus.
If the forest is small, the road is long.
  Si saltus est parvus, via est longa.
The water is cold, therefore the water is good.
  Aqua est frigida, ergo aqua est bona.
A good life is a long life.
  Vita bona vita est longa.
 plerumque (adv.), generally.
 interdum (adv.), sometimes.
 semper (adv.), always.
 saepe (adv.), often.
 saepius (adv.), oftener, very often.
 non (adv.), not.
 Aqua non est calida.
  The water is not hot.
 Vinum non est frigidum.
  The wine is not cold.
 Scamnum non est longum.
  The bench is not long.
 Soror non est industria.
  The sister is not industrious.
 Frater interdum est malus.
  The brother is sometimes mischievous.
 Via non semper est bona.
  The road is not always good.
 Praeceptum plerumque est justum.
  A precept is generally just.
 Vita non semper est longa.
  Life is not always long.
 Saltus non semper est magnus.
  A forest is not always large.
 Bellum non semper est injustum.
  War is not always unjust.
 Pater est magnus, sed non filius.
  The father is great, but the son is not.
 Puella saepe est mala, sed saepius puer.
  The girl is often mischievous, but the boy oftener.
Non and other adverbs are generally placed before the words they qualify; thus we say in English is not, but the Latin has non est (not is).
 multus -a -um, much, a great deal of.
 probus -a -um, honest, upright, dutiful, moral.
 improbus -a -um, dishonest, worthless, undutiful, immoral.
Much water.
  Multa aqua.
A great deal of wine.
  Multum vinum.
The boy is not tall.
  Puer non est longus.
The girl is not little.
  Puella non est parva.
The sugar is not good.
  Saccharum non est bonum.
A mother is always just.
  Mater semper est justa.
A father is often unreasonable.
  Pater saepe est injustus.
Water is always good.
  Aqua semper est bona.
The boy is very often undutiful.
  Puer saepius est improbus.
The girl is generally upright.
  Puella plerumque est proba.
If the son is tall, the daughter is little.
  Si filius est longus, filia est parva.
The brother is always industrious, the sister not always.
  Frater semper est industrius, soror non semper.
 hic haec hoc, this.
 ille illa illud, that.
 Hic locus, haec vita, hoc exemplum.
  This place, this life, this example.
 Ille saltus, illa via, illud bellum.
  That grove, that road, that war.
 Ille puer est probus.
  That boy is dutiful.
 Puer ille est improbus.
  That boy is undutiful.
 Haec puella est callida.
  This girl is crafty.
 Illud scamnum est longum.
  That bench is long.
 Ille puer semper est bonus, sed hic puer semper est malus.
  That boy is always good, but this boy is always bad.
 Si hic puer saepe est malus, puella illa semper est bona.
  If this boy is often bad, that girl is always good.
 Interdum hic puer est industrius, sed non semper.
  This boy is sometimes industrious, but not always.
 Plerumque vita proba, vita est longa.
  An upright life is generally a long life.
The longest or most important word is generally placed either at the beginning or the end of a sentence. These positions likewise give emphasis to all words so placed.
 generōsus -a -um, generous.
 dūrus -a -um, hard, harsh.
 sevērus -a -um, serious, severe.
 albus -a -um, white.
 pūrus -a -um, pure.
 hūmānus -a -um, human, humane.
Place the words accented thus (generóus) at the head of the Latin sentence. (See Rem. Lesson 14)
The brother is generóus.
  Generosus est frater.
The sister is generóus.
  Generosa est soror.
The father is hársh.
  Durus est pater.
The mother is sevére.
  Severa est mater.
The boy is cráfty.
  Callidus est puer.
That forest is lárge.
  Magnus est ille saltus.
A humane father.
  Pater humanus.
That road is genérally hard.
  Plerumque via illa est dura.
Bread is generally white, but not always.
  Plerumque panis est albus, sed non semper.
That wine is not always pure.
  Vinum illud non semper est purum.
If a father is sometimes severe, a mother is generally just.
  Si pater interdum severus, plerumque mater est justa.
The son is often industrious, and the daughter always dutiful.
  Filius saepe est industrius, et filia semper proba.
 sponda f., a bed or couch.
 nuntius m., a messenger, news.
 grāmen n., grass, an herb.
 liber m., a book.
 equus m., a horse.
 mel n., honey.
 Bonus est nuntius.
  The news is good.
 Hic liber non est magnus.
  This book is not large.
 Illa sponda non est longa.
  That bed is not long.
 Equus albus saepe est callidus.
  A white horse is often crafty.
 Gramen illud est malum.
  That grass is poisonous.
 Gramen malum non est bonum.
  Poisonous grass is not good.
 Gramen non semper est malum.
  Grass is not always poisonous.
 Si vinum est malum, aqua est bona.
  If the wine is bad, the water is good.
 Aqua est pura, et vinum est purum.
  The water is pure and the wine is pure.
 Si hic equus est parvus, ille est magnus.
  If this horse is small, that is large.
 Via longa non semper via est bona.
  A long road is not always a good road.
 Mel malum.
  Poisonous honey.
In Latin a short word generally precedes a long one, hence monosyllabic nouns are generally placed before their adjectives, as mel malum, not malum mel.
 animal n., a creature, an animal.
 dominus m., a lord, master, or nobleman.
 jus n., right, justice, the law; also juice, broth, soup, or gruel.
The word animal in Latin signifies any living thing, and may imply a bird, reptile, or insect, as well as a quadruped.
A great lord.
  Dominus magnus.
A large animal.
  Animal magnum.
The animal is lárge.
  Magnum est animal.
A horse is an animal.
  Equus est animal.
This animal is a horse.
  Hoc animal est equus.
The soup is hot, but not good.
  Jus est calidum, sed non bonum.
Human law is just law.
  Jus humanum est jus justum.
If the law is not humane, the law is not just.
  Si jus non est humanum, jus non est justum.
This master is just, that unjust.
  Hic dominus est justus, ille injustus.
An upright father is generálly a good master.
  Plerumque pater probus est dominus bonus.
A harsh master is not always a severe father.
  Dominus durus non semper pater est severus.
 negōtiōsus -a -um, active, full of business, busy.
 ōtiōsus -a -um, inactive, at leiseure, idle, indolent.
 honestus -a -um, honourable, righteous, honest.
 contentus -a -um, content, contented, satisfied.
 Dominus probus est et honestus.
  The master is upright and honourable.
 Vita bona est negotiosa.
  An active life is good.
 Plerumque pater negotiosus est contentus.
  An active father is generally contented.
 Frater est negotiosus, et soror est negotiosa.
  The brother is busy and the sister is busy.
 Puella est negotiosa, sed puer est otiosus.
  The girl is active, but the boy is inactive.
 Puer otiosus saepe est improbus.
  An indolent boy is often undutiful.
 Filius est contentus, sed filia non est contenta.
  The son is contented, but the daughter is not contented.
 Dominus severus non semper est durus.
  A severe master is not always harsh.
 Si pater justus est et generosus, plerumque filius est probus.
  If a father is just and generous, the son is generally dutiful.
 Equus animal est magnum.
  The horse is a large animal.
 Ille bonus est dominus.
  That is a good master.
It is usual in Latin to separate an adjective from its noun by placing some other word between them, thus, ille bonus est dominus is more elegant than ille est bonus dominus; and generally, a word that usually stands close to another, receives emphasis by being separated from it, particularly if placed near the end of the sentence.
 concilium n., a council.
 mercator m., a merchant.
 rex m., a king.
 rēgina f., a queen.
 mare n., the sea.
 flōs m., a flower.
 avis f., a bird.
 apēs, apis f., a bee.
The word concilium means an assembly of counsellors, and also the place where they meet. Consilium signifies properly the deliberation of the counsellors, and the conclusion they arrive at, hence it stands for counsel, advice, discretion, design, plan, intention, and purpose.
The White Séa is large.
  Mare Album est magnum.
An indolent lífe is sinful.
  Vita otiosa est mala.
The merchant is active and upright.
  Mercator negotiosus est et probus.
The queen is just and generous.
  Justa et generosa est regina.
This bird is small.
  Haec avis est parva.
A bird is not always small.
  Parva non semper est avis.
The bee is a small but industrious inséct.
  Animal apis est parvum sed industrium.
That white herb is not a flower.
  Illud gramen album non est flos.
The council is severe but humane.
  Concilium severum est sed humanum.
The advice is harsh but just.
  Consilium durum est sed justum.
Good advice is generally harsh.
  Plerumque bonum est durum consilium.
A king is not always an unreasonable master.
  Rex non semper injustus est dominus.
 meus -a -um, my, mine.
 tuus -a -um, thy, thine, your, yours.
 suus -a -um, his, her, hers, its, one's own.
 ejus (indecl.), his, her, its.
 Pater meus, mater mea, scamnum meum.
  My father, my mother, my bench.
 Rex tuus bonus est dominus.
  Your king is a good master.
 Regina tua proba est et generosa.
  Your queen is upright and generous.
 Consilium tuum durum est sed justum.
  Your advice is harsh but just.
 Filius negotiosus est ejus.
  His son is active.
 Filia negotiosa est ejus.
  His daughter is active.
 Exemplum bonum est ejus.
  His example is good.
 Apis et mel suum.
  The bee and its honey.
 Liber ille est meus.
  That book is mine.
 Hic panis est tuus.
  This bread is yours.
 Scamnum illud est suum.
  That bench is his.
 Haec avis est ejus.
  This bird is hers.
 Dominus suus.
  One's own master.
 Contentus frater est meus, sed soror mea non est contenta.
  My brother is contented, but my sister is not contented.
The possessive pronouns meus, tuus, suus, are subject to the same conditions as adjectives, and agree in gender with the person or thing possessed. (See Rem. Lesson 2)