41 - 50
作成:2016-04-12
更新:2016-10-06
 maritus m., a husband.
 ūxor f., a wife.
 conjux c., a husband or wife.
 jūdex c., a judge.
 fuga f., flight.
 coelum, caelum n., heaven, the sky, weather.
 mundus m., the world.
 palātium n., the court, a palace.
 mensis m., a month.
The word husband is generally rendered by maritus, and wife by uxor; but both words may be rendered by conjux, which is a more elegant but less homely term. In colloquial and also in a lofty style husband and wife are rendered by vir and mulier respectively.
The weather is fine.
  Coelum est serenum.
The horse is a useful animal.
  Equus est animal utile.
War is always cruel.
  Bellum semper est crudele.
The husband is a sober man.
  Maritus homo est sobrius.
The wife is an industrious woman.
  Uxor mulier est industria.
A cool month is my delight.
  Mensis frigidus gaudium est meum.
The road is short but rugged.
  Via est brevis sed aspera.
Society is always pleasing.
  Societas semper est grata.
The world is sométimes grateful, sometimes ungrateful.
  Interdum mundus est gratus, interdum ingratus.
Life is sométimes brief, sometimes long.
  Interdum vita est brevis, interdum longa.
A harsh judge is not a humane judge.
  Judex durus non est judex humanus.
The sky is not always clear.
  Coelum non semper est serenum.
The court is generally agreeable, if the sovereign is agreeable.
  Plerumque palatium est gratum, si imperator est gratus.
That poplar is tall, but the other is short.
  Illa populus procera est, sed altera est brevis.
The mistress is generous, if the master is generous.
  Domina est generosa, si dominus est generosus.
 omnis -e, all, every.
 cunctus -a -um, all, the whole, entire, altogether.
 tōtus -a -um, all, the whole of, every part.
 ūniversus -a -um, all, the whole, without exception.
Omnis stands for all, when that word may be substituted for every, as omne bellum, all war, or every war. Cunctus is a contraction of conjunctus, joined together, and is mostly used in speaking of a whole made up of parts, as cuncta Germānia, all Germany, that is, all the states that constitute Germany; cunctus senātus all the senate, that is, all the members of the senate. Totus is properly used in speaking of things indivisible, as tota vita mea, all my life, my whole life, or the whole of my life; tota dies, all day, or the whole of the day. Universus is an intensitive word, and is only used when all is emphatic, as universum studium meum all my study, my whole endeavour, or my every effort.
 Napoleon et totum palatium suum.
  Napoleon and all his court.
 Omne bellum crudele est.
  All war is cruel.
 Tota insula fertilis est.
  All the island is fertile.
 Cunctus populus miser est.
  The entire people is wretched.
 Totum coelum est serenum.
  Every part of the sky is clear.
 Universus mundus gratus est et contentus.
  The whole world is grateful and contented.
 Totus hic mensis plerumque est frigidus.
  The whole of this month is generally cold.
 Vitium res est noxia.
  Vice is a pernicious thing.
 Res est excelsa virtus.
  Virtue is a noble thing.
 Poena dura est poena crudelis.
  A harsh punishment is a cruel punishment.
 Praeceptum est inutile, si non est justum.
  A precept is useless, if not just.
 Liber noxius est, si non est utilis.
  A book is pernicious, if not useful.
 Animus crudelis animus est malus.
  A cruel mind is a sinful mind.
 Vita sterilis est, si non est utilis.
  A life is barren, if not useful.
 Locus sterilis interdum utilis est.
  A barren place is sometimes useful.
 Interdum judex justus est, interdum injustus.
  A judge is sometimes just, sometimes unjust.
 dōnum n., a gift, or present.
 mūnus n., a gift, or present.
 mensa f., a table.
 hortus m., a garden.
 latebra f., a hiding place.
 famēs f., hunger.
 vēritas f., truth.
 lignum n., wood.
Donum is used when the word gift expresses a mark of benevolence; munus when gift means an interchange of friendship.
A flower is a beautiful gíft.
  Munus flos est pulchrum.
Food is a hársh, money a stately gíft.
  Durum cibus est donum, excelsum pecunia.
Every man is mortal.
  Omnis homo est mortalis.
Every animal is mortal.
  Omne animal est mortale.
This herb is a useful medicine.
  Hoc gramen utile est medicamentum.
This table is small, but the other is large.
  Haec mensa est parva, sed altera est magna.
Truth is a noble virtue.
  Virtus veritas est excelsa.
Hunger is a bitter thíng.
  Res fames est aspera.
A foolish precept is a noxious precept.
  Praeceptum malum, praeceptum noxium est.
My whole life is wretched.
  Tota vita mea est misera.
The rugged forest is my hiding place.
  Saltus latebra mea est aspera.
My brother is tall, but my sister is short.
  Frater meus est celsus, sed soror mea est brevis.
Wood is generally hard, but not always.
  Lignum plerumque est durum, sed non semper.
The whole of our garden is fertile.
  Fertilis totus noster hortus est.
 facilis -e, easy, pliant, tractable, courteous.
 difficilis -e, difficult, troublesome, rugged, rude.
 fortis -e, strong, brave, hardly, courageous, powerful.
 mītis -e, ripe, mellow, soft, gentle, mild, meek.
 mollis -e, yielding, pliant, soft, tender, mild.
 turpis -e, shameful, disgraceful, base, vile.
 nōbilis -e, well-known, noted, renowned, noble, of high birth.
 Ceres dea est nobilis.
  Ceres is a well known goddess.
 Roma urbs nobilis est.
  Rome is a renowned city.
 Asinus animal est facile.
  The ass is a tractable animal.
 Difficile negotium est meum.
  My occupation is difficult.
 Res poena injusta est turpis.
  An unjust punishment is a shameful thing.
 Omne bellum non est turpe.
  Every war is not unjust.
 Hic liber facilis est et utilis.
  This book is easy and useful.
 Amicus vir facilis est meus et probus.
  My friend is a courteous and upright man.
 Rex tuus vir fortis est et humanus.
  Your king is a brave and humane man.
 Napoleon princeps nobilis et generosus est.
  Napoleon is a noble and generous prince.
 Nostra insula nobilis est et fertilis.
  Our island is renowned and fertile.
 Hoc mite gramen utile est medicamentum.
  This ripe herb is a useful drug.
 Vita otiosa, vita est turpis.
  An indolent life is a shameful life.
 Animus magnus semper facilis est et serenus.
  A great mind is always courteous and calm.
 Mitis plerumque populus miser est.
  A wretched people is generally gentle.
 Res imperium difficilis.
  Power is a troublesome thing.
Est and other forms of the verb to be are generally dropped in Latin, whenever the sense is not obscured by the omission; thus, res imperium est difficilis, power is a troublesome thing, may be more elegantly rendered, res imperium difficilis, a troublesome thing power, leaving the est understood.
 mūrus m., a wall.
 pariēs m., a wall.
 māceria f., a wall.
 māceriēs f., a wall.
 moenia n. pl., a wall.
 nōbilitas f., nobility.
 nihil, nil n., nothing.
 quicquam n., anything.
 quisquam m./f., anything.
 līmen n., a threshold.
 līmes f., a boundary.
 fīnis m./f., end or limit.
Murus means a wall of any kind; paries the wall of a house or other building; maceria and maceries are different orthographies of the same word, both signifying the wall of a garden or other enclosure; moenia is only used in speaking of a fortress, and properly signifies a fortified wall.
Joy is a pleasing thing.
  Res gaudium grata.
Mildness is always agreeable.
  Temperies semper grata.
Nothing useful is pernicious.
  Nihil utile noxium.
Idleness is a disgraceful vice.
  Vitium turpe otium.
War is often useless.
  Bellum saepe est inutile.
If anything is good, this is good.
  Si quicquam est bonum, hoc bonum est.
The horse is a beautiful animal.
  Equus animal est pulchrum.
The ass is a usefull animal.
  Asinus animal est utile.
The wall is black and rugged.
  Paries niger est et asper.
The boundary is a lofty wall.
  Limes murus est altus.
A garden is useful, if the wall is high.
  Hortus est utilis, si maceries est alta.
One's own threshold is always agreeable.
  Limen semper gratum est suum.
Life is a short flight, death the end.
  Vita brevis est fuga, finis mors.
A severe judge is often an honest man.
  Judex severus saepe homo est probus.
Nobility is sometimes useful, but not always.
  Nobilitas interdum est utilis, sed non semper.
In this and succeeding exercises is and other words printed in small capitals are to be omitted in the Latin sentence.
 qui quae quod, who, which, that; he who, she who, that which; what, as.
 Judex qui severus est, non semper est durus.
  A judge who is severe, is not always harsh.
 Mater quae interdum severa est, mater est bona.
  A mother who is sometimes severe, is a good mother.
 Animal quod magnum est, forte non semper est.
  An animal that is large, is not always strong.
 Qui est otiosus, piger est.
  He who is at leisure, is lazy.
 Quae saepe est aegra, misera est.
  She who is often ill, is wretched.
 Quod est bonum, plerumque utile est.
  That which is good, is generally useful.
 Homo qui non est probus, non est honestus.
  A man who is not upright, is not honest.
 Vita quae non est honesta, plerumque est misera.
  A life that is not righteous, is generally wretched.
 Amicus meus, qui est mercator, vir facilis est et gratus.
  My friend, who is a merchant, is a courteous and agreeable man.
 Homo qui est callidus, plerumque turpis est et improbus.
  A man who is crafty is generally base and dishonest.
 Si filius est industrius, pater plerumque est contentus.
  If the son is industrious, the father is generally contented.
 Qui liber est bonus utilis est.
  A book that is good, is useful.
The relative is sometimes elegantly placed before its antecedent, as QUI judex severus est, instead of judex QUI severus est.
 baculus m., a stick.
 baculum n., a stick.
 bacillus m., a stick.
 anulus, annulus m., a ring.
 nātūra f., nature.
 spēs f., hope.
 tyrannus m., a tyrant.
 tyrannis f., tyranny.
 metallum n., a metal.
 aurum n. gold.
 argentum n. silver.
 ferrum n. iron.
Baculus and baculum are different orthographies of the same word, and belong to a class of nouns termed redundants. Bacillus is a diminutive of baculus, and properly signifies a little stick, or cane.
Your ring is pretty.
  Annulus pulcher est tuus.
Hope is a pleasing thíng.
  Res est spes grata.
A cane is sometimes useful.
  Bacillus interdum est utilis.
Gold is a precious metal.
  Aurum metallum est pretiosum.
Iron is a useful, but not a precious metal.
  Ferrum metallum est utile, sed non pretiosum.
A servant who is dutiful, is a good servant.
  Servus qui est probus, bonus est servus.
A queen who is haughty, is not a good queen.
  Regina quae est excelsa, non bona est regina.
An enterprise that is useful, is a good enterprise.
  Negotium quod est utile, bonum est negotium.
He who is cruel, is not humane.
  Qui crudelis est, humanus non est.
She who is harsh, is not kind.
  Quae dura est, grata non est.
What is good is not pernicious.
  Quod bonum est, noxium non est.
All nature is calm and bright.
  Tota natura serena est et splendida.
A tyrant is sometimes unjust, but not always.
  Tyrannus interdum est injustus, sed non semper.
A stick thát is long, is not short.
  Quod baculum est longum, non est breve.
Every metal that is white, is not silver.
  Omne metallum quod est album, non est argentum.
 quoque (conj.), also, and so is, likewise, too, even.
 etiam (conj.), also, and so is, likewise, too, even.
 etiamsi (conj.), even if, though, although.
 quamquam (conj.), though, although, however, how.
 tamen (conj.), yet, at least, nevertheless, however.
 quam (conj., adv.), than, as, how.
 quam maxime (adv.), very much, very greatly, as (much) as possible.
 Equus piger est et tu quoque.
  The horse is slow and so are you.
 Quam durus est dominus.
  How harsh the master is!
 Rex aeger est et regina quoque.
  The king is ill and the queen too.
 Discipulus quam maxime est industrius.
  The pupil is as industrious as possible.
 Vinum bonum est, etiamsi asperum.
  The wine is good, though it is tart.
 Princeps fortis est et generosus quoque.
  The prince is brave and generous also.
 Saepius frater meus, quam sanus, aeger est.
  My brother is oftener ill than well.
 Homo, qui est probus, est etiam honestus.
  A man who is honest is righteous likewise.
 Quamquam frater brevis est, tamen soror est longa.
  Although the brother is short, the sister is tall.
 Si homo est miser, temperies etiam est misera.
  If a man is wretched, the season also is wretched.
 Quamquam filius est otiosus, filia tamen est negotiosa.
  Though the son is indolent, yet the daughter is active.
 Puer crudelis est, puella crudelis est, et animal quoque est crudele.
  The boy is cruel, the girl is cruel, and the animal also is cruel.
 Frater meus est celsus, et soror mea quoque est celsa.
  My brother is tall and so is my sister.
 Si dominus est facilis, servus etiam facilis est.
  If the master is courteous, the slave is courteous also.
The English locution and so, with a form of the verb to be is rendered in Latin by etiam or quoque, without the verb, as et tu quoque Acerra, and so are you Acerra. Generally also and other particles, having the same power, may be rendered by etiam or quoque indifferently; but et is very seldom found immediately preceding, or in close proximity to etiam, so when and and also occur in the same sentence, it will be safer to use quoque.
 certus -a -um, certain, sure, fixed, trustworthy.
 incertus -a -um, uncertain, doubtful, inconstant.
 molestus -a -um, annoying, troublesome, unpleasant.
 venustus -a -um, graceful, amiable, fine, handsome.
 invidus -a -um, envious, malicious, invidious.
 invidiōsus -a -um, envious, hateful, odious.
Adjectives ending in -osus imply full of, or in excess of the thing named, as invidus, envious, invidiosus, full of envy; these adjectives, however, have sometimes other acquired meanings peculiar to themselves; thus invidiosus signifies hated and envied, as well as envious, or full of envy: so formidolosus, formidable, signifies both terrible and terrified.
Every transaction is not annoying.
  Omne negotium non est molestum.
A cruel prince is always hated.
  Princeps semper invidiosus est crudelis.
An envious mind is a base mind.
  Animus invidus, animus turpis est.
Death is certain, life uncertain.
  Mors est certa, vita incerta.
The slave, though troublesome, is dutiful.
  Servus etiamsi molestus, probus est.
The tyrant is always as cruel as possible.
  Tyrannus quam maxime semper crudelis est.
The master is harsh and so is the mistress.
  Dominus est durus et domina quoque.
My friend is graceful, and so is her sister.
  Amica mea venusta est, et soror ejus quoque.
The table is useful and so is the bench.
  Mensa utilis est et scamnum quoque.
My brother is little, and so am I.
  Frater meus parvus est, et ego quoque.
Your ass is slow, and so are you.
  Asinus tuus piger est, et tu quoque.
The boy is lazy, and the girl too.
  Puer piger est, et puella quoque.
A man who is honest is likewise contented.
  Homo qui est probus est etiam contentus.
If the sovereign is courteous, the court is courteous also.
  Si imperator est facilis, palatium etiam est facile.
Though the father is busy, yet the son is at leisure.
  Quamquam pater est negotiosus, tamen filius est otiosus.
 is ea id, he, she, it, that.
 Is bonus est filius, qui probus est.
  He is a good son, who is dutiful.
 Ea bona est mater, quae semper grata est.
  She is a good mother, who is always agreeable.
 Id judicium est crudele, quod injustum est.
  It is a cruel judgement, that is unjust.
 Id quod1 nigrum est, non est album.
  That which is black is not white.
 Homo qui probus est, is2 honestus est homo.
  A man who is honest, is a righteous man.
 Via quae brevis est, ea grata est via.
  A road that is short, is an agreeable road.
 Consilium quod utile est, id bonum est consilium.
  Advice that is useful, is good advice.
 Puella venusta, id est,3 puella proba.
  An amiable girl, that is, a dutiful girl.
 Dominus noster, id est, Deus.
  Our Lord, that is, God.
 Si ea quae venusta est, etiam est proba, ea puella est bona.
  If she who is handsome, is also dutiful, she is a good girl.
 Quod negotium est utile, id probum est negotium.
  An occupation that is useful, is an honest occupation.
 Id quamquam magnum, non est bonum.
  Although large, that is not good.
 Illud est molestum, sed turpe alterum.
  That is annoying, but the other disgraceful.
 (1) Id quod, that which. The English pronoun that, when a relative, is rendered by qui, quae, quod (See Rem. Lesson 46); when a demonstrative and followed by a noun, that is rendered by ille, but when no noun follows, as in the example quoted from the text, then that put demonstratively may be rendered either by ille, illa, illud, or is, ea, id, the latter being somewhat weaker and less emphatic than the former.
 (2) Is honestus est homo, he is a righteous man. In this and similar locutions the demonstrative is, ea, id is elegantly used, though redundant in English.
 (3) Id est, that is. This abbreviation i.e. will frequently occur throughout these lessons. Another common abbreviation, e.g. (exempli gratia), by way of example, or for instance, will be noticed when we come to treat of the prepositions. (See also Rem. Lesson 10)